Nomenclature And Isomerism

Question 0

Define positional isomer?

Answer 0

The functional group is attached to the main chain at different points

Question 1

What is structural isomerism?

Answer 1

Same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 2

Define functional group isomerism

Answer 2

Has a different functional group

Question 3

Define chain isomerism

Answer 3

The hydrocarbon chain is arranged differently

Question 4

Define enantiomer

Answer 4

One of a pair of non superimposable mirror image isomers

Question 5

Define stereoisomerism

Answer 5

Where two or more compounds have the same structural formula but different spatial arrangement

Question 6

Give two examples of stereoisomerism

Answer 6

E-Z isomerism

Optical isomerism

Question 7

What is an optical isomer

Answer 7

When two carbon atoms (with 4 substituents) are mirror images of eachover

Question 8

Define racemate?

Answer 8

An equimolar mixture that will not rotate light because the rotations cancel out equally

Question 9

What are aldehydes oxidised and reduced to?

Answer 9

Oxidised to carboxylic acids

Reduced to primary alcohols

Question 10

What tests distinguish between aldehydes and ketones?

Answer 10

Fehlings solution: (warm)
Aldehyde is oxidised and turns BRICK RED

Tollens:
Aldehyde gives a SILVER MIRROR

Question 11

What type of acid are carboxylic acids?

Answer 11

Weak

Question 12

What two substances react to give esters

Answer 12

Carboxylic acids and alcohols

Strong acid catalyst

Question 13

Name the common uses of esters?

Answer 13

Solvents
Perfumes
Plasticizers
Food flavourings