Nomenclature

Question 1

nomenclature of alkanes

Answer 1

1. id longest chain​
   
   • use number prefix
   • use “-ane” suffix
2. id substituents
3. number carbons
   
   • substituents on lowest numbers possible
4. group identical substituents together w/prefixes
5. alphabetized substituents (ignore prefixes)

example = 4-isopropyl-2,3,3-trimethylheptane

(P 38-41)

Question 2

nomenclature of haloalkanes

Answer 2

• follow the same rule as simple alkanes
• use halogen prefixes
  
  • F = fluoro-
  • Cl = chloro-
  • Br = bromo-
  • I = iodo-

(P 41-42)

Question 3

nomenclature of alcohols

Answer 3

• denote hydroxyl group with suffix to main alkyl chain (replace “e” with “-ol”)
• place number of hydroxyl group after name of the longest C chain, before “-ol” suffix
  
  • give hydroxyl group the lowest number possible

example = 3-methylbutan-2-ol

(P 43-44)

Question 4

1 carbon chain

Answer 4

• prefix = meth-

(P 32)

Question 5

2 carbon chain

Answer 5

• prefix = eth-

(P 32)

Question 6

3 carbon chain

Answer 6

• prefix = prop-

(P 32)

Question 7

4 carbon chain

Answer 7

• prefix = but-

(P 32)

Question 8

5 carbon chain

Answer 8

• prefix = pent-

(P 32)

Question 9

6 carbon chain

Answer 9

• prefix = hex-

(P 32)

Question 10

7 carbon chain

Answer 10

• prefix = hept-

(P 32)

Question 11

8 carbon chain

Answer 11

• prefix = oct-

(P 32)

Question 12

9 carbon chain

Answer 12

• prefix = non-

(P 32)

Question 13

10 carbon chain

Answer 13

• prefix = dec-

(P 32)

Question 14

methyl substituent

Answer 14

• -CH₃

(P 33)

Question 15

ethyl substituent

Answer 15

• -CH₂CH₃

(P 33)

Question 16

propyl substituent

Answer 16

• -CH₂CH₂CH₃

(P 33)

Question 17

isopropyl substituent

Answer 17

(P 33)

Question 18

sec-butyl substituent

Answer 18

(P 33)

Question 19

tert-butyl

Answer 19

(P 33)

Question 20

alkane functional group

Answer 20

• R₃C-CR₃

(P 34)

Question 21

alkene functional group

Answer 21

• R₂C=CR₂

(P 34)

Question 22

alkyne functional group

Answer 22

• RC ≡ CR

(P 34)

Question 23

alkyl halide functional group

Answer 23

• R-X

(P 34)

Question 24

alcohol functional group

Answer 24

• R-OH

(P 34)

Question 25

thiol functional group

Answer 25

• R-SH

(P 34)

Question 26

ether functional group

Answer 26

• R - O - R

(P 34)

Question 27

epoxide functional group

Answer 27

(P 34)

Question 28

phenol functional group