Nomenclature

Question 1

Naming Steps

Answer 1

1. Identify longest carbon chain containing teh highest-order functional group
2. number teh chain
3. name substituents
4. assigne number to each substituent
5. complete the name

• Alphabetize

Question 2

Alcohols

Answer 2

• -e to -ol
• OH gets the lowest possible number
• Geminal diols: same carbon
• Vicinal diols: adjacent carbons

Question 3

Aldehydes

Answer 3

• -e to -al
• Chain terminating

Question 4

Ketones

Answer 4

• -ane to -one
• Give carbonyl lowest possible number if it is the highest-priority group
• When not highest priority group, use oxo- or keto- as prefixes

Question 5

Carboxylic Acids

Answer 5

• Terminal functional groups
• Highest priority group
• -e to -oic acid

Question 6

Esters

Answer 6

• Carboxylic acid derivative
• -oic acid to -oate

Question 7

Amides

Answer 7

• suffix becomes -amide
• Substituents attached to nitrogen atoms are labeled with a capital N-

Question 8

Anhydrides

Answer 8

• Replace acid with anyhydride
• formed from 2 COOH’s; one water is removed

Question 9

Functional group priority

Answer 9

• Correlated with oxidation state; highest oxidation state, highest priority

Carboxylic acid > Anhydride > Ester > Amide > Aldehyde > Ketone > Alcohol > Alkene > Alkyne > Alkane