Nomenclature Flashcards
cation
ion with a positive charge
anion
ion with a negative charge
polyatomic ions
atoms joined in a molecule
ionic compound
a compound made up of cations and anions
Inorganic compounds have four categories:
ionic, molecular, acids/bases, salts
molecular formula
chemical formulas that indicate the actual numbers of atoms in a molecule
empirical formula
chemical formulas that give only the relative number of atoms of each type in a molecule
structural formula
shows which atoms are attached to which
NH is
The only nonmetal cation
ionic bond
metal (+ cation) and nonmetal (- anion)
molecular bond
nonmetals
acids
contain H in front
Naming ionic compounds
-all metals except 1A, 2A, Al3+, Cd2+, Ag+, and Zn2+ indicate their charge with roman numerals
anion - add “-ide” to first part of element name
-ous = lowest charge
-ic = highest charge
Naming molecular compounds
-the first element (more metallic - left) + second element w/ “-ide” ending
-prefixes indicate # of atoms (mono, di, tri, etc.,)
-first element = no mono
-drop “a” or “o” of prefix when combined with oxide or iodide
Don’t use prefixes for:
-H+ halogen (ex. HCl)
-H+ group 6A (ex. H2S)
Naming acids
**Start with Hydro if there is only one atom in an anion
“-ide” —> hydro__ic acid
“-ate” —> ___ic acid
“-ite” —> ___ous acid
Prefixes for molecular compounds
mono- 1 di- 2 tri- 3 tetra- 4 penta- 5 hexa- 6 hepta- 7 octa- 8 nona- 9 deca- 10
Combinations (or Synthesis) Reaction
Two reactants react to yield one product
a. (metal or nonmetal) + nonmetal –> compound
b. metal oxide + water –> metal hydroxide (base)
c. nonmetal oxide + water –> oxy-acid
Decomposition Reaction
(Reverse of a combination) A single substance is broken down to yield two or more different substances
a. metal oxide –> metal + oxygen
b. carbonates decompose to yield carbon dioxide and metal oxide
c. metal hydroxide –> metal oxide + water
Single-Displacement Reaction
An element reacts with a compound, replacing one of the elements in the compounds
a. metal + acid –> hydrogen + salt
b. metal + water –> hydrogen metal hydroxide (only happens for very reactive metals)
c. metal + salt –> metal + salt
d. halogen + halogen salt –> halogen + halogen salt
Double-Displacement Reaction
Two compounds react, exchanging partners, to yield compounds. In most instances, water, a gas, or an insoluble precipitate is one of the products.
Combustion Reactions
In a (complete) combustion reaction, a substance is burned in the presence of oxygen to yield products which contain oxygen atoms and energy in the form of heat and light. If the substance being burned consists of carbon and hydrogen, the products are carbon dioxide and water.
