Nomenclature

Question 1

cation

Answer 1

ion with a positive charge

Question 2

anion

Answer 2

ion with a negative charge

Question 3

polyatomic ions

Answer 3

atoms joined in a molecule

Question 4

ionic compound

Answer 4

a compound made up of cations and anions

Question 5

Inorganic compounds have four categories:

Answer 5

ionic, molecular, acids/bases, salts

Question 6

molecular formula

Answer 6

chemical formulas that indicate the actual numbers of atoms in a molecule

Question 7

empirical formula

Answer 7

chemical formulas that give only the relative number of atoms of each type in a molecule

Question 8

structural formula

Answer 8

shows which atoms are attached to which

Question 9

NH is

Answer 9

The only nonmetal cation

Question 10

ionic bond

Answer 10

metal (+ cation) and nonmetal (- anion)

Question 11

molecular bond

Answer 11

nonmetals

Question 12

acids

Answer 12

contain H in front

Question 13

Naming ionic compounds

Answer 13

-all metals except 1A, 2A, Al3+, Cd2+, Ag+, and Zn2+ indicate their charge with roman numerals
anion - add “-ide” to first part of element name
-ous = lowest charge
-ic = highest charge

Question 14

Naming molecular compounds

Answer 14

-the first element (more metallic - left) + second element w/ “-ide” ending
-prefixes indicate # of atoms (mono, di, tri, etc.,)
-first element = no mono
-drop “a” or “o” of prefix when combined with oxide or iodide
Don’t use prefixes for:
-H+ halogen (ex. HCl)
-H+ group 6A (ex. H2S)

Question 15

Naming acids

Answer 15

**Start with Hydro if there is only one atom in an anion
“-ide” —> hydro__ic acid
“-ate” —> ___ic acid
“-ite” —> ___ous acid

Question 16

Prefixes for molecular compounds

Answer 16

mono- 1
di- 2
tri- 3
tetra- 4
penta- 5
hexa- 6
hepta- 7
octa- 8
nona- 9
deca- 10

Question 17

Combinations (or Synthesis) Reaction

Answer 17

Two reactants react to yield one product

a. (metal or nonmetal) + nonmetal –> compound
b. metal oxide + water –> metal hydroxide (base)
c. nonmetal oxide + water –> oxy-acid

Question 18

Decomposition Reaction

Answer 18

(Reverse of a combination) A single substance is broken down to yield two or more different substances

a. metal oxide –> metal + oxygen
b. carbonates decompose to yield carbon dioxide and metal oxide
c. metal hydroxide –> metal oxide + water

Question 19

Single-Displacement Reaction

Answer 19

An element reacts with a compound, replacing one of the elements in the compounds

a. metal + acid –> hydrogen + salt
b. metal + water –> hydrogen metal hydroxide (only happens for very reactive metals)
c. metal + salt –> metal + salt
d. halogen + halogen salt –> halogen + halogen salt

Question 20

Double-Displacement Reaction

Answer 20

Two compounds react, exchanging partners, to yield compounds. In most instances, water, a gas, or an insoluble precipitate is one of the products.

Question 21

Combustion Reactions

Answer 21

In a (complete) combustion reaction, a substance is burned in the presence of oxygen to yield products which contain oxygen atoms and energy in the form of heat and light. If the substance being burned consists of carbon and hydrogen, the products are carbon dioxide and water.