Nomenclature

Question 1

general formula

Answer 1

algebraic formula that describes any functional group

e.g. CnH2n+2 = alkanes

Question 2

empirical formula

Answer 2

the simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

e.g. C2H6 –> empirical = CH3

Question 3

molecular formula

Answer 3

the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

e.g. ethane = C2H6

Question 4

structural formula

Answer 4

shows the order of atoms, carbon by carbon

e.g. C2H6 –> CH3CH3

Question 5

skeletal formula

Answer 5

shows the bonds of the carbon chain only, and any functional groups attached. Carbon and Hydrogen aren’t displayed.
e.g. /\/ —> butane

Question 6

displayed formula

Answer 6

shows how the arrangement of atoms and the bonds between them.
e.g. H H
H - C = C - H –> ethene
H H

Question 7

functional group

Answer 7

the reactive part of the molecule

e.g. OH, COOH, C=C

Question 8

homologous series

Answer 8

group of compounds that contain the same functional group, represented by the same general formula.
each successive member in a series differs by CH2.

Question 9

functional group of alkanes

Answer 9

C-C and C-H bonds

Question 10

functional group of alkenes

Answer 10

C=C

Question 11

functional group of alcohols

Answer 11

OH

Question 12

functional group of carboxylic acid

Answer 12

COOH

Question 13

functional group of aldehydes

Answer 13

R
   \
    C = O
   /
H

Question 14

functional group of ketones

Answer 14

R
   \
    C = O
   /
R

Question 15

functional group of esters

Answer 15

O
       II
       C    R
      /   \  /
     R   O

Question 16

functional group of nitriles

Answer 16

C (triple bond ) N

Question 17

functional group of haloalkanes

Answer 17

C - x

x = any halogen

Question 18

functional group of ethers

Answer 18

R - O - R