Nomenclature

Question 1

What are some inorganic carbon-containing compounds?

Answer 1

CO, CO2
Compounds containing ions CO3(2-), HCO3(-), CN(-), CNO(-)

Element carbon in form of graphite or diamond (giant covalent structures) is also inorganic

Question 2

Saturated bonds

Answer 2

Each Carbon atom is bonded to four other atoms by single bonds. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons

Question 3

Unsaturated bonds

Answer 3

Each carbon atom is bonded to other atoms by double or triple bonds. Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons

Question 4

Open chain/Aliphatic organic compounds

Answer 4

Contains chains of interlinked carbon atoms (eg butane)

Question 5

Define homologous series

Answer 5

A group of compounds with

1) a general formula,
2) similar chemical properties and
3) showing a graduation in physical properties as a result of increase in size and mass of molecules

General method of preparation can be applied to all members of the series

Question 6

Define functional group

Answer 6

An atom or group of atoms which gives a molecule its characteristic properties

Question 7

Alkanes

Answer 7

No functional group
Structure: Saturated single carbon bonds
General formula: CnH2n+2
Suffix: -ane

Question 8

Alkenes

Answer 8

Functional group: Carbon-carbon double bonds
Structure: carbon carbon double bond
General formula: CnH2n (NO n=1)
Suffix: -ene

Question 9

Alcohols

Answer 9

Functional group: hydroxyl group
Structure: -OH group
General formula: CnH(2n+1)OH
Suffix: -ol

Question 10

Carboxylic acids

Answer 10

Functional group: carboxyl group
Structure: O=C–OH or -COOH
General formula: CnH2nO2
Suffix: -noic acid

Question 11

Numerical prefixes (1-10)

Answer 11

1) meth- 2) eth- 3)prop- 4)but- 5)pent- 6)hex- 7)hept- 8)oct- 9)non- 10)dec-

Question 12

Define isomerism

Answer 12

Isomerism is the phenomenon in which 2 or more compounds possessing the same molecular formula exist in different forms due to different arrangement of atoms in their molecules. Compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formula are known as isomers.

Question 13

Chain isomers

Answer 13

Isomers have different carbon chains/ skeletons but possess the same functional group and belong to the same homologous series.

Question 14

Positional isomerism

Answer 14

Isomers have a substituent group in different positions in the same carbon skeleton. These isomers are chemically similar because they possess the same functional group.

Question 15

Priority of functional groups in IUPAC naming

Answer 15

1) Carboxylic acid
2) alcohols
3) Alkenes
4) Alkanes

Question 16

What are organic compounds?

Answer 16

Compounds that contain carbon.
Most organic compounds also contain hydrogen and are known as hydrocarbons.
Some organic compounds may also contain nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur