Nomenclature Flashcards
how many primary dentition do you have? what are they?
baby teeth or primary teeth or DECIDUOUS dentition (starts at 14 weeks ends at 3 years) 10 maxillary, 10 mandibular (20 total) - 4 incisor (2 in max, 2 in man) - 2 canine (1 in max, 1 in man) - 4 molar (2 in max, 2 in man)
how many permanent dentition do you have? what are they?
adult dentition or SUCCEDANEOUS - begins about age 6 16 maxillary, 16 mandibular (32 total) - 4 incisor (2 in max, 2 in man) - 2 canine (1 in max, 1 in man) - 4 premolar (2 in max, 2 in man) - 6 molar (3 in max, 3 in man)
succedaneous teeth
permanent teeth that replaces the deciduous teeth (permanent incisors, canines, and premolars)
anterior teeth
incisors and canines (primary and permanent)
- total of 12 (max and man)
posterior teeth
primary molars (8 total), permanent premolars, and permanent molars (total of 20 permanent)
enamel
forms protective covering over surface of tooth
- high content of mineral salts and their crystalline material
- 96% inorganic material
- 4% organic material and water
dentin
living tissue that makes up most of the tooth
- 70% inorganic
- 30% organic
cementum
hard dental tissue covering of the anatomic roots of human teeth
- 45-50% inorganic material
- 50-55% organic material
pulp
loose connective tissue encased within the pulp cavity that extends through the center of the tooth
what are the 4 functions of the pulp?
- formative: production of dentin by the odontoblasts
- nutritive: supplies nutrients to the dentin through the odontoblasts and their processes
- sensory: sensory nerve fibers mediate pain , motor fibers initiate reflexes to the muscles of blood vessel walls for control of circulation
- defensive: defense mechanism of the pulp in response to irritation
anatomic crown
portion of tooth covered with enamel
anatomic root
portion of tooth covered with cementum
cementoenamel junction (CEJ)
junction of cementum and enamel at the cervical (neck) portion of the tooth
- also called cervical line
dentinoenamel junction (DEJ)
junction of dentin and enamel
clinical crown
- the portion of tooth that has penetrated the gingival (gum) tissue
- invisible in mouth or cast of mouth
clinical root
portion of tooth that is embedded in the supporting tissues of the tooth (aveolar bone and gingivae)
- called apex
apical foramen
opening at the apex of the root of a tooth, the nerve and blood vessels that supply the dental pulp pass here
labial surface
surface of an incisor or canine toward the lips
buccal surface
surface of a premolar or molar toward the cheek
facial surface
labial or buccal surface of a tooth
lingual surface
surface of tooth toward the tongue
palatal
used to denote the lingual surface of a maxillary tooth
proximal surface
surface of tooth facing toward an adjoining tooth in the SAME dental arch
mesial surface
proximal surface of a tooth that faces toward the median line
distal surface
proximal surface of a tooth most distant from the median line
occlusal surface
surface of a premolar or molar that opposes and comes in contact with a molar or premolar in the OPPOSING arch
incisal surface
occluding (biting) surface of an anterior tooth (incisor or canine)
contact area
area of the mesial or distal (proximal) surface of a tooth that touches its adjacent tooth in the SAME arch
cusp
an elevation on the crown of a tooth making up a divisional part of the occlusal surface
- like the tip of your teeth
tubercle
an elevation on some portion of the crown produced by an extra formation of enamel
- deviation from typical form
cingulum
lingual lobe of an anterior tooth
- makes the bulk of the cervical third of the lingual surface
- like a bulge in the middle of the incisor
lobe
primary centers of formation in the development of the crown
- like the groves of the teeth at the tip
ridge
linear elevation on the surface of a tooth
what are the 4 ridges associated on each cusp?
mesial ridge
distal ridge
facial ridge
lingual ridge
marginal ridge
- rounded border of enamel that forms the mesial and distal margins (extents) of the OCCLUSAL surface of a premolar or molar
- mesial and distal margins of the LINGUAL surface of an incisor or canine
triangular ridge
ridge that descends from the tip of a cusp of a molar or premolar toward the central part of the occlusal surface
transverse ridge
ridge formed by the junction of a facial and lingual triangular ridge
oblique ridge
ridge crossing obliquely the occlusal surface of a maxillary surface
- formed by union of distal cusp ridge of mesiolingual cusp and triangular ridge of the distofacial cusp
fossa
irregular depression or concavity
lingual fossa
depression or concavity on the lingual surface
central fossa
depression of the occlusal surface of molars
- formed by termination of converging triangular ridges at the central point in the bottom of the depression
triangular fossa
depression of the surface of premolars and molars mesial and distal to the marginal ridges
- bounded by 3 ridges: 2 triangular and 1 marginal
sulcus
long depression of valley in the surface of a tooth between ridges and cusps
- inclines meet at an angle
developmental groove
shallow groove or line between the primary parts of a crown or root
supplemental groove
shallow linear depression on the surface of a tooth
pit
small pinpoint depression located at the junction or terminal of developmental grooves
fissure
faulty developmental groove resulting from incomplete coalescence (when two things “pull” together) of enamel during formation and calcification of the lobes
line angle
angle formed by the junction of two tooth surfaces
- named by the combination of surfaces joining
point angle
angle formed by the junction of three tooth surfaces
- named by the combination of surfaces joining
anomaly
marked deviation from which is considered normal
supernumerary
extra tooth beyond the usual 20 primary or 32 permanent
palmer system
tooth annotation that seperates the arches and quadrants
max right | max left
————– |—————
man right | man left
(makes a chart)
how do you number the palmer system?
primary: a-e beginning in the center
permanent: 1-8 beginning in the center
military (universal system)
gives numbers to each tooth (1-32) - permenant
- starts max right third molar (1)
- next man left third molar (17)
- ending at man right third molar (32)
gives letters to each tooth (A-Z) - primary
- same direction
federation dentaire international (FDI) system
gives a two-digit numbering system (primary and permanent)
- first digit = quadrant
- second digit = tooth
numbers like palmer system
