Nomenclature Flashcards
What is nomenclature?
Naming organic molecules by IUPAC.
What is a homologous series?
A group of organic compounds all containing the same functional group and general formula
What is a functional group?
An attached group that defines a compounds properties.
State the prefixes for the number of carbon atoms, 1-6
1 meth-
2 eth-
3 prop-
4 but-
5 pent-
6 hex-
From the homologous series state the functional group, prefix and suffix of:
- Haloalkanes
- Alcohol
- Aldehydes
- Ketones
- Carboxylic acids
Haloalkanes
Functional group: C-X (where X is a halogen)
Prefix: Chloro-, Bromo-, Fluoro-, Iodo-,
Suffix: ane
Alcohol
Functional group: -OH
Prefix: none
Suffix: anol-
Aldehydes
Functional group: -CHO
Prefix: none
Suffix: anal
Ketones
Functional group: -C(O)-
Prefix: none
Suffix: anone
Carboxylic acids
Functional group: -COOH
Prefix: none
Suffix: anoic acid
What are the steps for naming an organic molecule?
- Count the longest C chain to decide the prefix from the number of carbon atoms
- Look for the functional group and decide the suffix
- Number the functional group (if required)
- Look for additional ‘things’ attached to the chain and name them
- Number the additional ‘things’
- Put the name together
What is CH3 and C2H5?
CH3 = methyl
C2H5 = ethyl
What is the suffix for when there 2,3 and 4 functional groups
2 = di
3 = tri
4 = tetra
What does the term saturated mean?
single bonds only
What is the empirical formula?
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule
What is the molecular formula?
The number of each type of atom in a molecule
What is structural formula?
Written one-line formula showing which groups are connected to which
What is the displayed formula?
Diagram showing every bond in a molecule
What is the skeletal formula?
Shows the skeleton of the molecule, hydrogen atoms are not shown, carbon atoms are at the corner of the lines
What is the general formula for an alcohol
CnH2n+1OH
