nom/voc/gen (midterm) Flashcards
Nominative as Subject
subject of finite verb (38–40).
John 3:16: ἠγάπησεν ὁ θεός τὸν κόσμον (God loved the world)
Predicate Nominative
approximately same as subject; can be in convertible or subset
propositions (40–48).
Phil 2:13: θεὸς γάρ ἐστιν ὁ ἐνεργῶν ἐν ὑμῖν (for the one working in you is God)
Rules for Differentiating Subject/Pred. Nom.
General Principle:
-Subject is the known entity.
Specific Rules:
-The subject will be a pronoun, whether stated of implied in the verb
- The subject will be articular
- The subject will be a proper name
Pecking Order:
- The pronoun has the greatest priority
- Articular nouns and proper names seem to have equal priority. (In instances where one substantive is articular and the other is a proper name, or where both are articular, word order may be the determining factor).
Nominative in Simple Apposition
two adjacent substantives that refer to the same
thing/person (48–49).
Matt. 3:1: παραγίνεται Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτιστὴς κηρύσσων (John the Baptist came preaching).
Nominative Absolute
in introductory material (not sentences) (49–51).
Matt. 1:1: Βίβλος γενέσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ (The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ).
Pendant Nominative
logical rather than syntactical subject at
beginning of a sentence (51–53).
Rev. 3:12: ὁ νικῶν ποιήσω αὐτὸν στῦλον (the one who overcomes: I will make him a pillar)
Parenthetic Nominative
subject of an explanatory clause within another clause (53–54).
John 1:6: ἐγένετο ἄνθρωπος ἀπεσταλμένος παρὰ θεοῦ, ὄνομα αὐτῷ Ἰωάννης. (There came a man sent from God (his name was John).)
Nominative for Vocative
A substantive in the nominative is used in the place of the vocative case. It is used (as is the voc.) in direct address to designate the addressee (56).
John 17:25: πατὴρ δίκαιε, καὶ ὁ κόσμος σε οὐκ ἔγνω (righteous Father, even the world has not known you).
Vocative of Simple Address
without ὦ (except in Acts) (67–68).
Heb 1:10: Σὺ κατʼ ἀρχάς, κύριε, τὴν γῆν θεμελίωσας (You, Lord, established the earth in the beginning).
Vocative in Apposition
Two adjacent substantives that refer to the same thing/person (70-71).
Mark 5:7: Τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί, Ἰησοῦ υἱὲ τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ὑψίστου (Leave me alone, Jesus, Son of the most high God!)
Descriptive Genitive
characterized by, described by (79–81)
Mark 1:4: Ἰωάννης … κηρύσσων βάπτισμα μετανοίας (John … [was] preaching a baptism of repentance).
Possessive Genitive
belonging to, possessed by (81–83)
Matt. 26:51: τὸν δοῦλον τοῦ ἀρχιερέως (the slave of the high priest)
Partitive (“Wholative”) Genitive
denotes the whole of which the head noun is a part (84–86)
Lk 19:8: τὰ ἡμίσιά μου τῶν ὑπαρχόντων (half of my possessions)
Attributive Genitive
specifies an attribute or innate quality of the head substantive; convert genitive into an attributive adjective (86–88)
Rom. 6:6: τὸ σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας (body of sin) (= “sinful body”)
Attributed Genitive
semantically opposite of attributive genitive; convert head noun into adjective modifying the genitive noun (89–91)
Rom. 6:4: οὕτως καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐν καινότητι ζωῆς περιπατήσωμεν )Thus also we should walk in newness of life.)
Genitive of Content
full of, containing (related to noun or verb) (92–94)
Jn 21:8: τὸ δίκτυον τῶν ἰχθύων (the net [full] of fish)
Genitive in Simple Apposition
genitive substantive adjacent to another genitive
substantive, referring to the same thing/person—”namely, which is” (94)
Titus 2:13: σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ (our Savior, Jesus Christ)
Daniel B. Wallace, Greek Grammar beyond the Basics: An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1996), 99.
Genitive of Apposition (Epexegetical)
genitive states a specific example of which the
head noun names a category—namely, which is (95–100)
Jn 2:21: ἔλεγεν περὶ τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ (he was speaking concerning the temple of his body) (= “the temple, which is his body”)
Genitive of Comparison
genitive after a comparative adjective, translated “than” (110–12)
Matt. 6:25: οὐχὶ ἡ ψυχὴ πλεῖόν ἐστιν τῆς τροφῆς; (Is not your life worth more than food?)
Subjective Genitive
functions as subject of verbal idea implicit in head noun (113–16)
Matt. 24:27: οὕτως ἔσται ἡ παρουσία τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου (so shall the coming of the Son of Man be) (= “so shall it be when the Son of Man comes”).
Objective Genitive
functions as direct object of verbal idea implicit in head noun (116–19)
Matt. 12:31: ἡ δὲ τοῦ πνεύματος βλασφημία οὐκ ἀφεθήσεται (but the blasphemy of the Spirit shall not be forgiven) (= “blasphemy against the Spirit” or “blaspheming the Spirit”)
Genitive of Time (kind of time)
within which or during which (122–24)
Lk 18:12: vηστεύω δὶς τοῦ σαββάτου (I fast twice [during] a week)
Genitive of Association
in association with (128–30)
Eph. 2:19: ἐστὲ συμπολῖται τῶν ἁγίων (you are fellow-citizens with the saints)
Genitive After Certain Verbs (as Direct Object)
especially after verbs of sensation, emotion/volition, sharing, ruling (131–34)
Lk 10:35: ἐπιμελήθητι αὐτοῦ (take care of him; care for him)
Genitive After Certain Prepositions
certain prepositions take the genitive after them (see
chapter on prepositions) (136)
Rev. 3:10: ἐκ τῆς ὥρας (from the hour).
What part of speech does case have to do with?
Nouns!
