Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Diagnostics > Noise Induced Hearing Loss > Flashcards

Noise Induced Hearing Loss Flashcards

1
Q

What is PTS?

A

Permanent Threshold Shift - gradually develops, hearing loss is cumulative throughout one’s life. Remaining hearing loss following incomplete recovery from TTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is TTS?

A

Temporary Threshold Shift - temporary hearing loss after noise exposure caused by broken tip links between OHC stereocilia, loss of contact betwen stereocilia and tectorial membrane, swelling of auditory nerve fibers, and reduction in cochlear blood flow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is STS?

A

Standard Threshold Shift - average hearing sensitivity at 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz is 10 dB worse at annual test compared to overage obtained on baseline audiogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is TWA?

A

Time Weighted Averages - integrated levels used for 8 hour measurements of noise exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the different dBs?

A

dBA - based on 40 phon curve; similar to dB SPL

dBC - similar to unweighted dB SPL; more appropriate to measure noise level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Normal active process; organisms frequently undergo this pruning process and serves purpose such as defense against cancer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is necrosis?

A

Passive pathologic process; accompanied by inflammation and rupture.

Occurs from acoustic trauma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the exchange rates?

A

3-dBA, NIOSH
5-dBA, OSHA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe acoustic trauma

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is NIOSH?

A

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health - makes recommendations of best practice exposure limis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is OSHA?

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration - government agency uses public rulemaking to set mandatory exposure limits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is PEL?

A

Permissable Exposure Limit - specifies a TWA exposure limit of 90 dBA over an 8 hour workshift with 5-dB exchange rate. Employers must attempt to reduce noise exposures above 90 dBA TWA through noise controls (OSHA raised to 100 dBA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is REL?

A

Recommended Exposure Limits - set by NIOSH with 3 dB exchange rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F: there is LESS blood perfusion in the APICAL end of the cochlea compared to the BASE: which makes high frequencies susceptible

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F: Max cochlear damage occurs at the frequency of max stimulation

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F: Ear canal resonance plays a role in added auditory stimulation at 2-4k Hz

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Noise exposure results in decline in hearing sensitivity at which frequency region?

A

3000 - 6000 Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

NIHL severity depends on what two factors?

A

Intenstiy & Duration of exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

OSHA’s allowable times are determined by noise levels measured with this

A

dB A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A better representation of how humans hear various frequencies at high-intensity levels

A

dB C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A 3-dB exchange rate means that the risk of NIHL is equal between an 8 hour exposure to 85 dBA noise and __________ hour noise exposure to _________ dBA noise

A

4 hour
88

21
Q

A 5-dB exchange rate means that the risk of NIHL is equal between an 8 hour exposure to 85 dBA noise and __________ hour noise exposure to _________ dBA noise

A

4 hour
90

22
Q

T/F: NIOSH is legally enforceable

A

False - OSHA is legally enforceable

23
Q

T/F: OSHA makes recommendations

A

False - NIOSH makes recommendations

24
Q

T/F: Only OSHA has noise dosage based on dBA TWA

A

False - both OSHA and NIOSH has noise exposure based on dBA TWA

25
Q

T/F: OSHA is less restrictive than NIOSH

A

True

26
Q

T/F: NIOSH uses 3-dB exchange rate

A

True

27
Q

T/F: OSHA uses 5-dB exchange rate

A

True

28
Q

What are the five standards of hearing conservation?

A
  1. Education of workers
  2. Hearing protection use
  3. Audiometric surveillance
  4. Noise reduction efforts
    5.Measurement of noise exposure
29
Q

What is an engineering control?

A

Mufflers, sound absorbing coatings or material to walls and ceiling

30
Q

What is an administrative control?

A

Conducting noisy operations when there are the fewest workers nearby

31
Q

Describe the noise exposure path

A

Sound source through transmission pathway to receiver

32
Q

What can a TTS result from?

A
  1. Broken tiplinks between OHC and stereocilia
  2. Loss of contact between stereocilia and tectorial membrane
33
Q

T/F: After TTS, audiometric thresholds return to pre-exposure level

A

True

34
Q

T/F: Acoustic trauma results in TTS

A

False - acoustic trauma results in PTS

35
Q

T/F: All auditory functions return to pre-exposure levels after TTS

A

False

36
Q

T/F: After PTS, audiometric thresholds return to pre-exposure level

A

False

37
Q

What are changes in body function (non-auditory symptoms) that occur as a result of noise exposure?

A

Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Cognitive effects

38
Q

T/F: Classical string instruments (violin, cello) generate sounds often exceeding 100 dBA

A

True

39
Q

T/F: at 70-80% volume settings, using headphones or earbuds should be limited to less than 30 mins/day

A

False

40
Q

T/F: adults and teenagers end to prefer listening at higher intensities when using earbuds compared to headphones

A

True

41
Q

T/F: Ambient noise levels impact preferred listening level (i.e. adults tend to increase the intensity of music when in a noisy environment)

A

True - Lombard effect

42
Q

Human hearing is most sensitive at what range of frequencies?

A

1000 - 5000 Hz

43
Q

Why is there a notch at 4000 Hz?

A

The frequency of maximum cochlear damage is one half to one octave above the frequency of max stimulation.

Max stimulation for adult ears is roughly one half octave to one octave below 4000 Hz making 4000 Hz most susceptible to damage

44
Q

T/F: many physical changes after TTS reverse and hearing sensitivity returns to pre-exposure baseline

A

True

45
Q

What specific action is required in the presence of an STS?

A

Shift must be recorded and confirmed with a retest within 30 days of the company becoming aware of the shift. If the retest confirms the STS, the company must inform the worker of the hearing change with a written notification.

46
Q

STS equal to or greater than ______ dB are required to be recorded on OSHA’s illness/injury log as soon as first identified. Recorded as category of occupational illness.

A

25

47
Q

At which (3) points can noise exposure be reduced?

A

Source - where noise is generated

Along the pathway - where noise travels

Receiver - worker

48
Q

What is the hierarchy of controls?

A

Traditional approach to reduce risk of health effects from environmental hazard.

  1. Eliminate noise source (most reliable/desirable)
  2. Substitute - replacement of high noise source
  3. Engineering controls - changes to the source
  4. Administrative controls - establish limits on exposure duration
  5. Personal protective equipment (least reliable/desirable) - use as needed
49
Q

Which control is primary?

A

Source

Diagnostics (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions