NOCTI Exam Flashcards
Latent fingerprints can be lifted by using powder, ninhydrin, or
Carbon
Bloody evidence should be packaged in a
Paper bag
When conducting a detailed search of a crime scene over a large area, the law enforcement officer(s) should utilize a
Helicopter
The acronym, DNA, means _______ acid
Deoxyribonucleic
Toxicology is the study of
Poisons
DNA analysis studies ______ structure in the body
Molecular
When photographing a crime scene, photographs should be taken in the following view sequence:
General, medium, close-up
Crime-sketching methods include cross projection, triangulation, and
Coordinate
Witnesses should be _____ after a crime scene has been secured
Secured individuality
Upon arriving at a crime scene the first thing to do is to
Survey and secure the scene
evidence should be
Properly documented and tagged
The tiny ridges in the skin of the fingerprint are known as ______ ridges
Pattern
A typical method used to develop a fingerprint at a crime scene is
Dusting
The term latent fingerprint is a Latin word meaning
Hidden
In order to identify a rough crime scene sketch which is not professionally prepared a police officer should label the sketch as
Not drawn to scale
A finish crime scene sketch differs from an initial crime scene sketch in that it contains
Lettered Or numerical markers
Skidmarks on asphalt as an accident scene measure 64 feet in length. Given the drag factor of 0.75, use the formula below to calculate the minimum speed in miles per hour of the vehicle at the beginning of the skin. S equals 5.5 square root sign D*F
38.1
The lowest level on the force continuum is _____ control
Officer Prescence
On the force continuum, the police officer may use _____ levels above the threat posed by the offender.
Three
According to the force continuum, ____ is an example of deadly force.
A firearm
When responding to an emergency situation, a police officer should
Proceed with due care and caution
The term, vicarious liability, means that
Liability is shared
If a police officer discharges a firearm, the officer may be responsible for
Negligent act
Which Supreme Court case set the standards for the use of deadly force by police?
Tennessee versus Garner
Using deadly force, the officer should consider opportunity, jeopardy, and
Probability or location
Police officers justified in drawing his or her weapon when
Deadly force is a threat
When subduing a subject, avoid using an impact weapon on the offenders
Head
A non-lethal weapon that uses a wire to transmit the control is called
Taser
Using ____ is considered deadly force.
A knife
The term, expandable baton, describes a
ASP
The_____ are the most affected by Pepper spray
Eyes
When an officer goes to the firing range, he or she must have _____ protection.
Eye and ear
A shooter observes a safety hazard while at firearm qualification. The shooter should
Yell “cease-fire “
Firearm should always be treated as if it is
Loaded
An officer gives a suspect an order, but the suspect fails to follow the order. The officer should use
Impact Weapon
Compliance control relies on the______ points on the body.
Nerve
The term, reactionary gap, is the
Distance it takes a car to come to a complete stop after breaking
When conducting a photo lineup, all suspect should have
Varied Heights and weights
A type of “consent “search includes a
Trunk of the vehicle with the drivers permission
The term ,_____, refers to the area immediately adjacent to a person’s residence.
Yard
When conducting a search with consent, the
Search must be general
The fourth amendment guarantees an individual protection against
unusual search and seizure
The sixth amendment guarantees an individual
Right to a speedy trial
The eighth amendment guarantees and individual protection against
Cruel and unusual punishment
The_____amendment governs excessive bail and the implementation of the right to bail
Eighth
The first 10 amendments to the US Constitution are known as the
Bill of Rights
Most criminal statutes are removed, added, modified by the _____ branch of government
legislative
Most law-enforcement agencies fall under the____branch of government.
Executive
“Three strikes and you’re out “is an example of legislation that targets
recidivism
And officer is off duty and observes a traffic infraction outside his or her jurisdiction. The officer should
Notify local authorities
A school resource officer observes a student with what appears to be a firearm in his or her backpack. The officer can search and arrest the student based on
Reasonable suspicion
An officer may make a felony arrest based on
probable cause
Crimes against the person include murder, rape, robbery, and
assault
What is another term for “intent “in the field of criminal law?
Mala in se
A_______ is a crime punishable by at least one year in prison
Misdemeanor
The term, actus reus, refers to the
Mental ability
A fast-growing type of white-collar crime is
money laundering
The term,_, defines a standard of proof drawn from objective fact and reasonable inferences in light of experience.
reasonable suspicion
The concept of precedent is based on ____ law.
Case
What is the legal term for a civil or personal wrong?
Tort
If an officer wanted to increase muscle mass, he or she would eat more
Protein
Alcoholic beverages contain _____, which increases the likelihood of weight gain
carbohydrates
General exercise produces endorphins which could_____the impact of stress for an officer
Lower
When should CPR be stop?
When the victims believed dead by the officer
The purpose of CPR alone is to
Restart the victims heart
A sucking chest wound is best cared by using a_____dressing to cover the wound.
pressure
A person with known diabetes is showing signs of irritability. There are no signs of trauma. The person should be given small amounts of
Sugar
When arresting a suspect known to have tuberculosis, the officer said
Wear a mask
When one person is performing CPR on a child, he or she should use what ratio of breathes to compressions?
2: 30
When placing a splint on a broken wrist, the splint needs to
Extend from the fingertips to the elbow
Anaphylaxis significantly impacts the_____systems.
respiratory
The_____system will indicate to the first sign of shock
Nervous
A broken wrist primarily affects the_____system.
Musculoskeletal
What is the shape of the hazardous materials placard?
Triangular or diamond
When responding to a hazardous material spill, attempt to identify the type of hazardous material by
Getting the shipping paper
Flares should be avoided at a hazardous material spill scene because the flare could
Present a fire or explosion danger
Use a Class A fire extinguisher on a_____fire.
Ordinary combustibles
OSHA stands for
Occupational safety and health administration
HIV is transmitted through exposure
to blood
When handling a suspect believed to have aids, the officer should
Wear latex or vinyl gloves
While involved in a traffic stop, the driver exits the vehicle to ask the officer a question. The officer should
Order the driver back into the vehicle
During a high-risk traffic stop, the officer should generally be positioned
Using the protection of the patrol vehicle
During a vehicle pursuit, when the vehicle stops, the officer should
Empty the vehicle using high risk stop procedures
An officer is making an arrest on a violent suspect who is in the kneeling position. The officer should place handcuffs on the suspect
Immediately on approach
The best method of placing handcuffs on the suspect is
Key holes toward the elbows, double locked, behind the back
The term, double lock handcuffs, means to
Activate mechanism so the handcuffs will not close further
In_____, the US Supreme Court upheld stop and frisk procedures.
Terry versus Ohio
Prior to a pat down search, the officer should
Inquire about contraband
The term,____, refers to a protective search for weapons.
Stop and frisk
Police officers stop vehicles and issue citations and warning to motorists to
Gain compliance
Before and after transporting a prisoner in a police vehicle, the officer should
Check the backseat for contraband
When making a traffic stop, the officer must especially watch the drivers
hands
For safety reasons during a vehicle stop, the officer should
Have his or her weapon drawn
A law-enforcement officer should
Not take any free materials or services
The_____generally deals with police corruption.
Department of internal affairs
If a police officer’s partner comes to work intoxicated, the officer should
Report it to the supervisor
A police officer has legal responsibility to
Protect property, life, and defend the rights of others
The_____division generally has the most officers in a medium to large police agency
patrol
The FBI, IRS and DEA are all_____agencies.
Federal
The scientific approach to studying the nature, extend, cause, and control of criminal behavior is called
criminology
The term,_____, means confinement in jail or prison
incarceration
In 1841, a cobbler named John Agustus developed the concept of
Probation
Shock incarceration is typically designed for a target population of _____ offenders
Youthful first time
Two major prison systems in the United States are Auburn and
Pennsylvania
In managing prisons and jails, one recent innovation is to operate them
Through private companies
The most common execution method used for the death penalty in the US is
Lethal injection
In 1972 a moratorium was placed on the death penalty in the case of
Furman versus Georgia
The challenges to capital punishment usually fall under the_____constitutional.
Eighth
The highest security prisons in the federal prison system are called
Supermax
A method of monitoring offenders is to use
An ankle bracelet
The term_____describes the believe that someone will change their behavior due to incarceration or punishment.
Rehabilitation
If an offender make suicidal statements during the booking process the offender must be
Placed in observation
During the booking process officer must
Take possession of all the suspects property
The booking procedure includes mental medical and_____evaluation
Physical
A search warrant is invalid if it is
Not signed by a judge
The standard of proof that law enforcement officers must have before a judicial officer can issue a warrant is called
Probable cause
A_____is a legal document ordering a person to testify in a court of law as a witness.
Subpoena
A_____is a written court order directing a law-enforcement officer to conduct a search or arrest the person
Warrant
Courts that have the authority to review decisions of a lower court are known as_____courts.
appellate
The highest level of authority in criminal law is
The U.S. Constitution
The_____has primary jurisdiction over cases involving disputes between states.
US Supreme Court
When offering testimony in court the officer should direct his or her responses towards the
Judge or jury
An officer who maintains an alert demeanor and proper attire during a court appearance exhibits
Professionalism and authority
In courtroom testimony officers may use_____to refresh their memories.
Police reports
The_____represent the states case in a criminal trial
Prosecuting attorney
The_____interprets the law to the jury
Judge
They must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
Prosecution
The standard of proof necessary to find the defendant guilty in a criminal trial is
Probable cause
Bail was originally established
To ensure that the defendant would return to court
In_____the Supreme Court made the right to be represented by an attorney binding on the states
Gideon versus Wainwright
The_____can appeal a jury’s decision.
Judge
The term_____refers to the study of punishment.
penology
Establishing the exact locations where a crime occurred is essential for establishing the_____of the crime.
Legal jurisdiction
The_____plea in a criminal case cannot be admitted as evidence in a civil trial.
Guilty
The term_____refers to negotiation an agreement in criminal trial
Plea-bargain
Pretrial publicity would likely cause a motion to_____to be made prior to the beginning of the trial
Change venue
Testimony that is not admissible in court is called
Hearsay
Juvenile court are considered
Non-adversarial
The term refers to decisions by a judge that a child has committed delinquent acts.
adjudication
The term refers to an act committed by a juvenile that is considered a crime when committed by an adult
Delinquency
A_____is a document asking the court to assume jurisdiction over a juvenile.
Petition
Prior to beginning a radio transmission the officer should depress the microphone button and
Pause briefly before speaking
During radio transmission of a critical incident it is allowable to
Request a cease on all radio traffic
When responding to a bomb threat, prior to arrival at the scene, an officer should
Turn off all radios
Accident reports provide important information for
Driver licensing
Since most people can only retain approximately 10% of what they hear, which item is most preferred when documenting the details of the crime scene?
Fieldnotes
To be objective, police reports must be written
In the first person
Three characteristics of a good police report are
Legibility, clarity, and accuracy
The_____amendment addresses self-incrimination.
Fifth
The_____case dealt with self-incrimination and advisement of rights
Miranda versus Arizona
During an interview involving a domestic dispute, the police officer should
Interview all parties separately and remain neutral
Utilizing appropriate_____language techniques can de-escalate an emotionally charged situation.
Noninvasive
To be effective, officers must utilize communication skills that involve_____messages.
Verbal and nonverbal
The term,_____, describes a hierarchical structure to follow for complaints.
Line structure
When citizens are alerted to a crime problem, crime reporting usually
increases
One of the biggest problems facing police officers is the lack of public
Confidence
One of the most controversial and damaging issues facing police officers and public perception of the police is
Police brutality
The_____is a computerized network linked to local police departments, providing information on stolen vehicles, wanted persons, stolen guns, and other crime related materials.
NCIC (national crime information center)
The_____is a computer based national law-enforcement information clearinghouse.
NCIC
The_____maintains the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) system.
FBI
The unlawful use of force to coerce people or governments regarding political or social objectives is called
Terrorism
Heavily armed groups in the United States, organized around such themes as white supremacy, militant tax resistance, or extreme ideologies are known as_____ terrorists.
Domestic
Al-Qaeda is an example of a _____ terrorist group.
International
Movements based on _____ often use tactics such as bombing, kidnapping, hostage taking, hijacking, and assassinations.
Terrorism
Most counterterrorism strategies involve an increase in
intelligence
The common component in terrorism is
creating fear
A major objective of terrorist is to
Generate publicity for the cause
legal status, authority, qualifications, and training are topics concerning
attorneys
The term, access control, means
Monitoring movement in and out of the facility
The term, loss prevention, means
A proactive approach to inventory control
A recognized program aimed at neighborhood crime prevention is known as
Community policing
The program aimed at teaching youth to “say no to drugs” is
DARE
Neighborhood watch programs aimed to
MPower citizens
The first step in identifying and controlling terrorism is
Threat assessment
What is the name of the agency responsible for border and domestic protection?
Homeland security
In the United States, people can combat terrorism by
Maintaining a heightened awareness
The difference between races, gender, beliefs, and customs is called
Cultural diversity
If an officer makes a stop or arrest based on a person’s race or ethnicity it is an example of
Racial profiling
When dealing with the suspect of another gender or race, the officer must
Have another officer present before proceeding with a body search
The standard test to determine knowledge between right and wrong is known as
The M’Naghten rule
The_____plea is a recognized legal defense for a criminal act.
Guilty
A prisoner who demonstrated suicidal tendencies should be
Placed in an observation cell
The key to success with substance abuse treatment programs is
Getting the person admitted to the appropriate program
A person under the influence of amphetamines generally exhibits
Hyperactivity
The field test for blood alcohol content BAC at the time of arrest registered 0.16% at 11:15 PM on Sunday. The driver was booked into jail at 1 AM Sunday, and the jurisdiction required a BAC of 0.05% for release. Given a dissipation rate of 0.018% per hour at approximately what time could the driver be released on Sunday?
5:30 AM
The RICO act was put into place to help combat
organized crime
among gangs,_____is the leading crime activity.
Drug sales
What historical event contributed to the rise of organized crime in the United States?
Prohibition
