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COPR REVIEW > NOCP 4 > Flashcards

NOCP 4 Flashcards

1
Q

a bulging, weakened area in the wall of a blood vessel resulting in an abnormal widening or ballooning greater than 50% of the vessel’s normal diameter (width)

A

Aneurysm

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2
Q

Signs and Symptoms of an aortic aneurysm

A

Severe pain in your belly, lower back or legs.
Shortness of breath.
Fast heartbeat.
Low blood pressure.
Dizziness or fainting.
Nausea or vomiting.
Clammy, sweaty skin.

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3
Q

Signs and symptoms of ateriosclerosis

A

Chest pain during activity that goes away when you rest

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4
Q

thickening or hardening of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque in the inner lining of an artery

A

Arteriosclerosis

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5
Q

a blood clot that forms within the deep veins, usually of the leg, but can occur in the arms and the mesenteric and cerebral veins

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis

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6
Q

Symptoms of DVT

A

Leg swelling.
Leg pain, cramping or soreness that often starts in the calf.
Change in skin color on the leg — such as red or purple, depending on the color of your skin.
A feeling of warmth on the affected leg

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7
Q

Symptoms of hypertension

A

severe headaches.
chest pain.
dizziness.
difficulty breathing.
nausea.
vomiting.
blurred vision or other vision changes.
anxiety.

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8
Q

a slow and progressive disorder of the blood vessels

A

Peripheral vascular disease

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9
Q

Symptoms of PVD

A

Intermittent pain (claudication), which may feel like cramps, muscle fatigue or heaviness (usually in the legs)
Worsening pain during exercise (usually in the legs)
Easing of pain during rest (usually in the legs)
Coldness of the affected body part.
Numbness.
Pins and needles

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10
Q

inflammation of the inside lining of the heart chambers and heart valves

A

Endocarditis

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11
Q

Symptoms of endocarditis

A

Aching joints and muscles.
Chest pain when you breathe.
Fatigue.
Flu-like symptoms, such as fever and chills.
Night sweats.
Shortness of breath.
Swelling in the feet, legs or belly.
A new or changed whooshing sound in the heart (murmur)

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12
Q

inflammation of the heart muscle, called the myocardium

A

Myocarditis

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13
Q

Symptoms of myocarditis

A

Chest pain.
Fatigue.
Swelling of the legs, ankles and feet.
Rapid or irregular heartbeats, called arrhythmias.
Shortness of breath, at rest or during activity.
Lightheadedness or feeling like you might faint.
Flu-like symptoms such as headache, body aches, joint pain, fever or sore throat

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14
Q

inflammation of the pericardium

A

Pericarditis

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15
Q

A heart attack with a completely blocked coronary artery

A

Infarction with ST elevation

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15
Q

Symptoms of pericarditis

A

Pain in your back, neck or left shoulder.
Trouble breathing when you lie down.
A dry cough.
Palpitations (feeling like your heart is racing or beating irregularly).
Anxiety or fatigue.
Fever.
Swelling of your legs, feet and ankles in severe cases

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16
Q

a type of involving partial blockage of one of the coronary arteries, causing reduced flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.

A

Infarction with no ST elevation

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17
Q

a less-than-normal amount of blood flow to part of your body

A

Ischemia

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18
Q

Symptoms of ischemia

A

Neck or jaw pain.
Shoulder or arm pain.
A fast heartbeat.
Shortness of breath when you are physically active.
Nausea and vomiting.
Sweating.
Fatigue

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19
Q

chest pain that is sudden and often gets worse over a short period of time

A

Unstable angina

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20
Q

Symptoms of unstable angina

A

Chest pain that you may also feel in the shoulder, arm, jaw, neck, back, or other area.
Discomfort that feels like tightness, squeezing, crushing, burning, choking, or aching.
Discomfort that occurs at rest and does not easily go away when you take medicine.
Shortness of breath.
Sweating

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21
Q

chest pain or discomfort that most often occurs with activity or emotional stress

A

Stable angina

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22
Q

Symptoms of left-sided failure

A

Bluish color in the fingertips and lips.
Cough, which may bring up phlegm or mucus tinged with blood.
Fatigue and weakness, even after resting.
Rapid or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
Sudden, unexpected weight gain.
Swelling in the ankles, legs, feet and/or abdomen.
Trouble concentrating.

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23
Q

Symptoms of right-sided failure

A

Awakening at night with shortness of breath.
Shortness of breath during exercise or when lying flat.
Coughing.
Wheezing.
Difficulty concentrating.
Dizziness.
Fatigue.
Fluid retention causing swelling in the ankles, legs, feet and/or abdomen

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24
Q

those which cause neither symptoms nor haemodynamic upset and which have no prognostic significance

A

Benign arrythmias

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25
Q

Lethal arrythmia

A

Ventricular fibrillation (V-FIB)

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26
Q

Life threatening arrythmias

A

v-tach and v-fib

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27
Q

convulsions that can happen when a young child has a fever above 100.4°F (38°C)

A

Febrile seizure

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28
Q

absence, atonic, tonic, clonic, tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and febrile seizures

A

Generalized seizure

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29
Q

causes you to blank out or stare into space for a few seconds

A

Absence seizure

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30
Q

muscles suddenly become limp

A

Atonic seizure

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31
Q

causes a sudden stiffness or tension in the muscles of the arms, legs or trunk

A

Tonic seizure

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32
Q

repeated jerking movements of the arms and legs on one or both sides of the body, sometimes with numbness or tingling

A

Clonic seizure

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33
Q

involve both stiffening and twitching or jerking phases of muscle activity

A

Tonic-clonic seizure

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34
Q

brief, shock-like jerks of a muscle or a group of muscles

A

Myoclonic seizure

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35
Q

unusual electrical activity affects a small area of the brain

A

Partial (focal) seizure

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36
Q

Symptoms of intracranial hemorrhage

A

Sudden or severe headache.
Weakness, tingling or numbness in the arms or legs (often on one side)
Nausea or vomiting.
Dizziness.
Confusion.
Difficulty speaking or understanding speech.
Loss of movement on the side of the body opposite of the head injury

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37
Q

a headache that can cause severe throbbing pain or a pulsing sensation, usually on one side of the head

A

migraine

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38
Q

Symptoms of a migraine

A

severe throbbing pain or a pulsing sensation, usually on one side of the head. It’s often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound, aura

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39
Q

Symptoms of a tension headache

A

Slow start of the headache

Head often hurts on both sides

Pain is dull or feels like a band or vice around the head

Pain may involve the back part of the head or neck

Pain is often mild to moderate, but not severe

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40
Q

occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is blocked or reduced

A

ischemic stroke

41
Q

strokes caused by a thrombus (blood clot) that develops in the arteries supplying blood to the brain

A

Thrombolic stroke

42
Q

usually caused by a blood clot that forms elsewhere in the body (embolus) and travels through the bloodstream to the brain

A

Embolic stroke

43
Q

Symptoms of thrombolic stroke

A

Facial drooping.
Slurred speech.
Weakness, numbness or even paralysis on one side of the body.
Double or blurred vision.
Sudden difficulty walking or maintaining balance.
Problems understanding speech.
Sudden confusion

44
Q

Symptoms of embolic stroke

A

Difficulty speaking or understanding words
Trouble walking
Weakness or numbness
Paralysis in the limbs or either side of the face
Temporary paralysis
Blurred vision or blindness
Slurred speech
Dizziness
Difficulty swallowing
Nausea or vomiting
Drowsiness

45
Q

due to bleeding into the brain by the rupture of a blood vessel

A

hemorrhagic stroke

46
Q

mini stroke

A

transient ischemic attack

47
Q

impaired mental functioning ranging from confusion to coma and indicates an illness, either metabolic or structural in nature

A

Metabolic ALOC

48
Q

impaired mental functioning ranging from confusion to coma and indicates an illness, either metabolic or structural in nature

A

Structural ALOC

49
Q

a nervous system disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

50
Q

S/S ALS

A

muscle twitching and weakness in an arm or leg, trouble swallowing or slurred speech

51
Q

a group of conditions that affect movement and posture

A

Cerebral Palsy

52
Q

S/S cerebral palsy

A

Abnormal movements (twisting, jerking, or writhing) of the hands, feet, arms, or legs while awake, which gets worse during periods of stress.
Tremors.
Unsteady gait.
Loss of coordination.
Floppy muscles, especially at rest, and joints that move around too much

53
Q

a disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks the protective covering of the nerve cells in the brain, optic nerve and spinal cord, called the myelin sheath

A

Multiple Sclerosis

54
Q

S/S MS

A

numbness, weakness, trouble walking, vision changes

55
Q

a brain disorder that causes unintended or uncontrollable movements, such as shaking, stiffness, and difficulty with balance and coordination.

A

Parkinson’s Disease

56
Q

S/S Parkinsons disease

A

Tremor in hands, arms, legs, jaw, or head.
Muscle stiffness, where muscle remains contracted for a long time.
Slowness of movement.
Impaired balance and coordination, sometimes leading to falls

57
Q

an illness caused by a virus that mainly affects nerves in the spinal cord or brain stem (mainly affects children)

A

Poliomyelitis

58
Q

S/S POLIOMYELITIS

A

fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness of the neck and pain in the limbs

59
Q

type of tumor that forms from cells that make blood vessels or lymph vessels.

A

Vascular tumor

60
Q

Symptoms of epidural hematoma

A

Confusion.
Dizziness.
Drowsiness or altered level of alertness.
Enlarged pupil in one eye.
Headache (severe)
Head injury or trauma followed by loss of consciousness, a period of alertness, then rapid deterioration back to unconsciousness.
Nausea or vomiting.

61
Q

S/S of subdural hematoma

A

A headache that doesn’t go away. It’s usually severe in acute subdural hematomas.
Nausea and vomiting.
Slurred speech (dysarthria).
Changes in your vision.
Dizziness.
Balance issues or difficulty walking.
Weakness on one side of your body

62
Q

S/S of subarachnoid hematoma

A

Severe headache, the worst headache pain you’ve ever had that feels different from other headaches.
Loss of consciousness (may be brief or prolonged)
Double vision.
Nausea or vomiting.
Trouble speaking.
Drooping eyelid.
Confusion and trouble concentrating

63
Q

the shearing (tearing) of the brain’s long connecting nerve fibers (axons) that happens when the brain is injured as it shifts and rotates inside the bony skull

A

Diffuse axonal injury

64
Q

S/S diffuse axonal injury

A

These symptoms most commonly include a headache. The other post-concussive symptoms can include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. However, patients with a severe diffuse axonal injury may also present with a loss of consciousness and remain in a persistent vegetative state.

65
Q

S/S SPINAL CORD INJURY

A

Spinal cord injury - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
Exaggerated reflex activities or spasms. Changes in sexual function, sexual sensitivity and fertility. Pain or an intense stinging sensation caused by damage to the nerve fibers in the spinal cord. Trouble breathing, coughing or clearing secretions from the lungs

66
Q

S/S ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE

A

Shortness of breath or feeling like you can’t get enough air (dyspnea).
Rapid breathing (tachypnea).
Extreme tiredness (fatigue).
Fast heart rate (feeling like your heart’s racing) or heart palpitations.
Spitting or coughing blood or bloody mucus (hemoptysis

67
Q

a serious lung condition that causes low blood oxygen

A

ARDS

68
Q

S/S ARDS

A

Shortness of breath
Fast breathing, or taking lots of rapid, shallow breaths
Fast heart rate
Coughing that produces phlegm
Blue fingernails or blue tone to the skin or lips
Extreme tiredness
Fever
Crackling sound in the lungs
Chest pain, especially when trying to breathe deeply
Low blood pressure
Confusion

69
Q

s/s aspiration

A

Feel something stuck in your throat
Have pain when you swallow, or swallowing is hard
Cough while or after you eat or drink
Feel congested after you eat or drink
Have a gurgling or “wet-sounding” voice when you eat
Too much saliva in your mouth
Chest discomfort or heartburn
Shortness of breath or fatigue while eating
Fever within a half-hour of eating
Frequent pneumonia
Trouble chewing

70
Q

a condition involving constriction of the airways and difficulty or discomfort in breathing

A

COPD

71
Q

s/s copd

A

Working harder than usual to breathe or having trouble breathing.
Chest tightness.
Coughing more often.
More mucus or changes in mucus color or thickness.
Fever

72
Q

an unusual amount of fluid around the lung

A

Pleural effusion

73
Q

s/s pleural effusion

A

chest pain, dyspnea, orthopnea

74
Q

an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs

A

Pneumonia

75
Q

s/s pneumonia

A

Chest pain when you breathe or cough.
Confusion or changes in mental awareness (in adults age 65 and older)
Cough, which may produce phlegm.
Fatigue.
Fever, sweating and shaking chills.
Lower than normal body temperature (in adults older than age 65 and people with weak immune systems)
Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea

76
Q

a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus

A

Asthma

77
Q

s/s asthma

A

Shortness of breath.
Cough.
Chest tightness or pain.
Wheeze (a whistling sound when you breathe)
Waking at night due to asthma symptoms.
A drop in your peak flow meter reading (if you use one)

78
Q

s/s bronchitis

A

Coughing up mucus, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest discomfort

79
Q

a sudden blockage in your pulmonary arteries, the blood vessels that send blood to your lungs

A

pulmonary embolism

80
Q

s/s pulmonary embolism

A

Sudden shortness of breath (most common)

Chest pain (usually worse with breathing)

A feeling of anxiety

A feeling of dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting

Irregular heartbeat

Palpitations (heart racing)

Coughing and/or coughing up blood

Sweating

Low blood pressure

Symptoms of DVT

81
Q

a condition caused by too much fluid in the lungs

A

pulmonary edema

82
Q

s/s pulmonary edema

A

Trouble breathing, or shortness of breath
Feelings of anxiety related to breathing difficulties
Wheezing or noisy breathing
Quick, shallow breathing
Trouble breathing while lying down
Discomfort related to breathing
A feeling of suffocation
Coughed-up sputum that appears frothy and pinkish, if blood is present
Pale or bluish skin
Sweating or feeling clammy
Swelling in the feet or ankles
Confusion

83
Q

s/s SARS

A

high fever, non-productive cough, shortness of breath, malaise, diarrhea, chest pain, headache, sore throat, myalgias and vomiting.

84
Q

What bacteria are now resistant to antibiotics?

A

MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) Clostridium difficile (C. diff)

85
Q

s/s diaphragmatic injury

A

difficulty breathing, vomiting, collapse, and an absence of palpable organs in the abdomen

86
Q

a traumatic disorder that happens when three or more ribs located next to each other are fractured in two or more places.

A

flail chest

87
Q

s/s flail chest

A

paradoxical movement of a portion of the chest wall

88
Q

a serious condition in which blood collects in your pleural space

A

hemothorax

89
Q

s/s hemothorax

A

dull chest sounds on palpation
Shortness of breath (dyspnea).
Rapid breathing (hyperventilation).
Rapid heart rate.
Chest pain.
Low blood pressure (hypotension).
Feelings of restlessness.
Anxiety.
Fever.

90
Q

a life-threatening emergency wherein a large air collection in the pleural space compromises respiration and cardiac function

A

Tension pneumothorax

91
Q

s/s tension pneumothorax

A

breathlessness and unilateral chest pain

92
Q

sudden onset of a collapsed lung without any apparent cause

A

Simple pneumothorax

93
Q

s/s simple pneumothorax

A

acute, unilateral chest pain and shortness of breath

94
Q

a lung parenchymal injury that does not lead to lung or pulmonary vascular lacerations.

A

Pulmonary contusion

95
Q

s/s pulmonary contusion

A

tachypneic, tachycardic, and visibly in respiratory distress in the early stages

96
Q

an infection of the upper airway, which becomes narrow, making it harder to breathe

A

Croup

97
Q

s/s croup

A

Loud barking cough that’s made worse by crying and coughing, as well as anxiety and distress, setting up a cycle of worsening symptoms.
Fever.
Hoarse voice.
Noisy or labored breathing

98
Q

inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis.

A

epiglottitis

99
Q

s/s epiglottitis

A

a severe sore throat.
difficulty and pain when swallowing.
difficulty breathing, which may improve when leaning forwards.
breathing that sounds abnormal and high-pitched (stridor)
a high temperature.
irritability and restlessness.
muffled or hoarse voice.
drooling

100
Q

when a baby that seems healthy dies suddenly in their sleep, and the cause of death cannot be explained

A

sudden infant death syndrome

COPR REVIEW (2 decks)

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