Nobility Flashcards
Name 4 carrot methods
Patronage, Order of the Garter, the King’s Council and the Great Council
Name 5 stick methods
Acts of Attainder, Retaining, Feudal Dues, Bonds and Recognisances and Crown Lands
Name 3 nobles rewarded after Bosworth
Jasper Tudor from Earl to Duke, Lord Stanley to the Earl of Derby and Philibert de Chandee to the Earl of Bath
What was Bacon’s view on Henry’s power of the nobility?
He wanted all the land and power to himself - “greedy and rapacious”
How many nobles were given the Order of the Garter?
37 (Knights of the Garter)
What did the nobles think of the Order of the Garter?
It was a badge not a title, there were mixed opinions. Chrimes says the Order of the Garter was the “ultimate mark of honour”
What did the King’s Council do?
Gave jobs to churchmen such as John Morton. It was a sign of the king’s confidence
How often did Henry use the Great Council and why?
Only 5 times during the whole of his reign: regular at the start but later ignored. The Great Council was often called regarding foreign policy eg Lambert Simnel threat
What did the Act of Attainder do?
Took away land from noble families and banned them from inheriting in the future.
What were the consequences of receiving an Act of Attainder?
Great social and financial ruin for noble families
What happened to the Earl of Surrey?
He was imprisoned in 1486 but was then later released. His title was restored and he was put in control of law and order in the North. This showed Acts of Attainder were reversible and nobles could prove their loyalty
How many Acts of Attainder did Henry pass and then reverse?
138 compared to 140 in Edward’s reign, Henry reversed 46
Why did Henry pass more Acts of Attainder towards the end of his reign?
Pretenders such as Edmund de la Pole put pressure on Henry during the years 1504 - 1509. Deaths such as Arthur, Elizabeth and Isabella always contributed towards a change in opinion
How many nobles had a bond or recognisance against them?
36 out of 72
What was a bond?
A financial penalty - a written agreements to pay a certain sum of money
What was a recognisance?
A formal acknowledgement of a debt to the king
Name one financial method used against the nobility
Bonds and recognisances were used as a diplomatic weapon of control. They were easy to enforce and benefited Henry in the 1500’s
What happened to the Marquis of Dorset?
Dorest originally backed Richard at Bosworth and had a bond and recognisance of up to £10,000 put against him. However as he helped put down the Cornish rebellion, these were cancelled
Who enforced bonds and recognisances?
Empson and Dudley as the Council Learned in law and were hated by the nobility
Why was Henry fair?
He put finance and order above his friendship. Even his best friend, the earl of Oxford was penalised
How did Henry exploit his authority?
Using feudal dues gained Henry lots of money, these included marriage, livery, wardship and relief
Give one example of a sucessful feudal due for Henry
Henry fined the Duchess of Buckingham £7,000 for marrying without the king’s consent
What was wardship?
The money Henry gained from controlling the estates of minors until they were old enough . He gained significant profit exploiting this position
What happened in 1485?
The Lords and Commons promised Henry’s parliament they would not retain
What was introduced in 1504?
Proclamations against retaining and closes loopholes
Explain Lord Burgavenny’s situation
He was fined £70,000 for retaining - £5 a month for an extended period of time
Who, apart from Henry, had the power to retain?
(Non-nobles) Empson and Dudley
What did Cardinal Morton collect?
Benevolences, nicknamed malevolences
How else did Henry limit the power of the nobility?
Controlled their marriages to stop them becoming super nobles. He also made them contribute towards Arthur’s knighting. These were often financial stick methods
Why did Henry need to assert his power over the nobility?
To restore balance as nobles were becoming too powerful. He was a usurper king and therefore needed to win over the nobility to gain support
What does Christine Carpenter believe?
Henry failed to control his nobility - “not worth the political damage it caused.” He faced rebellion led by the nobility and did not appreciate the nature of kingship in England, not trusting his nobility
