Nobility

Question 1

Name 4 carrot methods

Answer 1

Patronage, Order of the Garter, the King’s Council and the Great Council

Question 2

Name 5 stick methods

Answer 2

Acts of Attainder, Retaining, Feudal Dues, Bonds and Recognisances and Crown Lands

Question 3

Name 3 nobles rewarded after Bosworth

Answer 3

Jasper Tudor from Earl to Duke, Lord Stanley to the Earl of Derby and Philibert de Chandee to the Earl of Bath

Question 4

What was Bacon’s view on Henry’s power of the nobility?

Answer 4

He wanted all the land and power to himself - “greedy and rapacious”

Question 5

How many nobles were given the Order of the Garter?

Answer 5

37 (Knights of the Garter)

Question 6

What did the nobles think of the Order of the Garter?

Answer 6

It was a badge not a title, there were mixed opinions. Chrimes says the Order of the Garter was the “ultimate mark of honour”

Question 7

What did the King’s Council do?

Answer 7

Gave jobs to churchmen such as John Morton. It was a sign of the king’s confidence

Question 8

How often did Henry use the Great Council and why?

Answer 8

Only 5 times during the whole of his reign: regular at the start but later ignored. The Great Council was often called regarding foreign policy eg Lambert Simnel threat

Question 9

What did the Act of Attainder do?

Answer 9

Took away land from noble families and banned them from inheriting in the future.

Question 10

What were the consequences of receiving an Act of Attainder?

Answer 10

Great social and financial ruin for noble families

Question 11

What happened to the Earl of Surrey?

Answer 11

He was imprisoned in 1486 but was then later released. His title was restored and he was put in control of law and order in the North. This showed Acts of Attainder were reversible and nobles could prove their loyalty

Question 12

How many Acts of Attainder did Henry pass and then reverse?

Answer 12

138 compared to 140 in Edward’s reign, Henry reversed 46

Question 13

Why did Henry pass more Acts of Attainder towards the end of his reign?

Answer 13

Pretenders such as Edmund de la Pole put pressure on Henry during the years 1504 - 1509. Deaths such as Arthur, Elizabeth and Isabella always contributed towards a change in opinion

Question 14

How many nobles had a bond or recognisance against them?

Answer 14

36 out of 72

Question 15

What was a bond?

Answer 15

A financial penalty - a written agreements to pay a certain sum of money

Question 16

What was a recognisance?

Answer 16

A formal acknowledgement of a debt to the king

Question 17

Name one financial method used against the nobility

Answer 17

Bonds and recognisances were used as a diplomatic weapon of control. They were easy to enforce and benefited Henry in the 1500’s

Question 18

What happened to the Marquis of Dorset?

Answer 18

Dorest originally backed Richard at Bosworth and had a bond and recognisance of up to £10,000 put against him. However as he helped put down the Cornish rebellion, these were cancelled

Question 19

Who enforced bonds and recognisances?

Answer 19

Empson and Dudley as the Council Learned in law and were hated by the nobility

Question 20

Why was Henry fair?

Answer 20

He put finance and order above his friendship. Even his best friend, the earl of Oxford was penalised

Question 21

How did Henry exploit his authority?

Answer 21

Using feudal dues gained Henry lots of money, these included marriage, livery, wardship and relief

Question 22

Give one example of a sucessful feudal due for Henry

Answer 22

Henry fined the Duchess of Buckingham £7,000 for marrying without the king’s consent

Question 23

What was wardship?

Answer 23

The money Henry gained from controlling the estates of minors until they were old enough . He gained significant profit exploiting this position

Question 24

What happened in 1485?

Answer 24

The Lords and Commons promised Henry’s parliament they would not retain

Question 25

What was introduced in 1504?

Answer 25

Proclamations against retaining and closes loopholes

Question 26

Explain Lord Burgavenny’s situation

Answer 26

He was fined £70,000 for retaining - £5 a month for an extended period of time

Question 27

Who, apart from Henry, had the power to retain?

Answer 27

(Non-nobles) Empson and Dudley

Question 28

What did Cardinal Morton collect?

Answer 28

Benevolences, nicknamed malevolences

Question 29

How else did Henry limit the power of the nobility?

Answer 29

Controlled their marriages to stop them becoming super nobles. He also made them contribute towards Arthur’s knighting. These were often financial stick methods

Question 30

Why did Henry need to assert his power over the nobility?

Answer 30

To restore balance as nobles were becoming too powerful. He was a usurper king and therefore needed to win over the nobility to gain support

Question 31

What does Christine Carpenter believe?

Answer 31

Henry failed to control his nobility - “not worth the political damage it caused.” He faced rebellion led by the nobility and did not appreciate the nature of kingship in England, not trusting his nobility