Nobel Prizes 2018 Flashcards
Who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology ?
James P Alison
Tasaku Honju
What was the discovery that won the Nobel Prize in Physiology ?
Immune checkpoint treatment for cancer treatment
How does Immune Checkpoint treatment work ?
Invoked Body’s immune system to fight the tumour cells
What are T-Cells ?
White blood cells that can identify and kill cancerous cells
How does the T Cell get activated ?
Co Simulator Protein
How do cancer cells grow ?
They take advantage of Immune checkpoint on the T cell and suppress it
What are checkpoint inhibitors ?
Drugs which suppress the immune checkpoint so the cancerous cells get killed
What did the Physiology researchers do ?
Found a protein that acts like a brake and suppresses the checkpoint, allowing the T-cells to kill the cancer
Who won the Physics Nobel Prize ?
- Arthur Ashkin
2. Gérard Mourou & Donna Strickland
How many women have won the Nobel Prize in Physics before Donna Strickland ?
2
What did Arthur Ashkin do ?
Optical Tweezers and applied them to biological sytems
What did Mourou and Strickland do ?
Generate high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses
What can these high intensity pulse be used to do ?
High intensity lasers, better eye operations, etc
How do high intensity pulses help in study of Physics ?
Help us see events which before appeared instantaneous
Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry ?
- Frances H Arnold
2. George P. Smith and Sir Gregory P. Winter
How many women have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry before Frances ?
4
What did Frances Arnold do ?
Directed evolution of enzymes
Where can these enzymes be used ?
Eco Friendly transportation fuels
Pharmaceutical industries
What did Smith & Winter do ?
Phage display of antibodies
What does Phage Display allow scientists to do ?
Study proteins on large scale and select proteins for certain targets
What is the name of the first protein evolved through Phague display ?
Adalimumab
What is Adalimumab used for ?
Rheumatoid arthritis,
Psoriasis and
Inflammatory bowel diseases.
Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics ?
William Nordhaus and Paul Romer
What was the main idea behind the work of Nordhaus and Romer ?
Sustainable growth with innovation and climate
