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Science and Technology - Current Affairs > Nobel Prizes 2018 > Flashcards

Nobel Prizes 2018 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology ?

A

James P Alison

Tasaku Honju

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2
Q

What was the discovery that won the Nobel Prize in Physiology ?

A

Immune checkpoint treatment for cancer treatment

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3
Q

How does Immune Checkpoint treatment work ?

A

Invoked Body’s immune system to fight the tumour cells

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4
Q

What are T-Cells ?

A

White blood cells that can identify and kill cancerous cells

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5
Q

How does the T Cell get activated ?

A

Co Simulator Protein

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6
Q

How do cancer cells grow ?

A

They take advantage of Immune checkpoint on the T cell and suppress it

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7
Q

What are checkpoint inhibitors ?

A

Drugs which suppress the immune checkpoint so the cancerous cells get killed

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8
Q

What did the Physiology researchers do ?

A

Found a protein that acts like a brake and suppresses the checkpoint, allowing the T-cells to kill the cancer

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9
Q

Who won the Physics Nobel Prize ?

A
  1. Arthur Ashkin

2. Gérard Mourou & Donna Strickland

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10
Q

How many women have won the Nobel Prize in Physics before Donna Strickland ?

A

2

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11
Q

What did Arthur Ashkin do ?

A

Optical Tweezers and applied them to biological sytems

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12
Q

What did Mourou and Strickland do ?

A

Generate high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses

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13
Q

What can these high intensity pulse be used to do ?

A

High intensity lasers, better eye operations, etc

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14
Q

How do high intensity pulses help in study of Physics ?

A

Help us see events which before appeared instantaneous

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15
Q

Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry ?

A
  1. Frances H Arnold

2. George P. Smith and Sir Gregory P. Winter

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16
Q

How many women have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry before Frances ?

A

4

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17
Q

What did Frances Arnold do ?

A

Directed evolution of enzymes

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18
Q

Where can these enzymes be used ?

A

Eco Friendly transportation fuels

Pharmaceutical industries

19
Q

What did Smith & Winter do ?

A

Phage display of antibodies

20
Q

What does Phage Display allow scientists to do ?

A

Study proteins on large scale and select proteins for certain targets

21
Q

What is the name of the first protein evolved through Phague display ?

A

Adalimumab

22
Q

What is Adalimumab used for ?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis,
Psoriasis and
Inflammatory bowel diseases.

23
Q

Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics ?

A

William Nordhaus and Paul Romer

24
Q

What was the main idea behind the work of Nordhaus and Romer ?

A

Sustainable growth with innovation and climate

25
Q

How did Nordahaus believe climate change can be addressed ?

A

Correct pricing of polluting resources

26
Q

What were some of the factors Nordhahaus incorporated into his model for anti-global warming ?

A

Fossil fuel use
Income Growth
Population Growth

27
Q

Why was this model different ?

A

Integrated Climate and Economy

28
Q

According to Paul Romer, what was the main source of sustainable growth ?

A

Technological Innovation

Skilled Workforce

29
Q

According to Paul Romer, what was a potential problem with a market-led economy ?

A

Under supplies technological innovations

30
Q

According to Romer, what steps can government take to encourage economic growth by technological investment ?

A

Use of subsidies and patents

31
Q

Who won the Nobel Peace Prize ?

A

Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad

32
Q

What is Denis Mukwege known as ?

A

Doctor Miracle

33
Q

Which movie was made on Denis Mukwege in 2015 ?

A

The Man Who Mends Women

34
Q

Who was named as UN’s First Goodwill Ambassador for the Dignity of Survivors of Human Trafficking in 2016 ?

A

Nadia Murad

35
Q

What is the name of Nadia Murad’s book ?

A

The Last Girl

36
Q

What is The Last Girl about ?

A

Her childhood in Iraq
Mass-Genocide by IS
Escape to Germany

37
Q

What was the Nobel Peace Price awarded to Mukwege and Murad for ?

A

Efforts to end sexual violence as a weapon of war

38
Q

How many fields are Nobel Prizes awarded in ?

A

6

39
Q

Who won the Nobel Prize for Literature ?

A

Wasn’t awarded in 2018

40
Q

Who awards the Nobel Prize in Physics, Chemistry and Economics ?

A

Royal Swedish Academy of Science

41
Q

Who awards the Nobel Prize in Medicine ?

A

Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet

42
Q

Who awards the Nobel Prize in Literature ?

A

Swedish Academy

43
Q

Who awards the Nobel Prize in Peace ?

A

Norwegian Nobel Committee

Science and Technology - Current Affairs (22 decks)

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