No type identified for social cognitive biases

Question 1

Group attribution error

Answer 1

The biased belief that the characteristics of an individual group member are reflective of the group as a whole or the tendency to assume that group decision outcomes reflect the preferences of group members, even when information is available that clearly suggests otherwise.

Question 2

Pygmalion effect

Answer 2

The phenomenon whereby others’ expectations of a target person affect the target person’s performance.

Question 3

Reactance

Answer 3

The urge to do the opposite of what someone wants you to do out of a need to resist a perceived attempt to constrain your freedom of choice (see also Reverse psychology).

Question 4

Reactive devaluation

Answer 4

Devaluing proposals only because they purportedly originated with an adversary.

Question 5

Social comparison bias

Answer 5

The tendency, when making decisions, to favour potential candidates who don’t compete with one’s own particular strengths.

Question 6

Shared information bias

Answer 6

Known as the tendency for group members to spend more time and energy discussing information that all members are already familiar with (i.e., shared information), and less time and energy discussing information that only some members are aware of (i.e., unshared information).

Question 7

Worse-than-average effect

Answer 7

A tendency to believe ourselves to be worse than others at tasks which are difficult.