Nn Flashcards
When can we reduce RVR’s from 300/125/75 (CAT II) and 200/125/75 (CAT IIIA) to 300/75/75 and 200/75/75?
If we have a rollout guidance system for the middle part and the end part is not relevant.
What is alert height?
100ft RA. It’s the characteristics of the airplane and it’s fail operational landing system which we will execute a missed approach above it if we get any failure on the redundant part of the automatic landing system or the ground equipment. Below AH, we will continue even if we get any failures ECXEPT if the LAND red light flashes.
When is the red Autoland armed and when can it be triggered? 4
Armed below 200ft RA,
triggered if: both AP’s trips off, Excessive beam deviation is sensed, LOC or GS transmitter fails and discrepancies between the both RA’s more than 15ft.
What does CAT III DUAL mean on FMA
It’s the airplanes fail operational system which means if one part of the automatic landing system fails below alert height, the other will take over to complete the automatic landing, flare and rollout.
What does CAT III single means in FMA?
It’s the aircraft fail passive system. In case of failure below AH, there is no remaining part that can take over to complete the landing, flare and rollout which means that the pilot needs to complete it manually or perform a go around.
What do we need to see to continue a CAT II approach on the DH?
On CAT III A?
Three consecutive lights of the approach lighting system, the threshold lights, runway centerline lines runway edge lights, touchdown zone light or a combination of these.
Also a lateral element of the ground pattern like approach lighting crossbar, threshold lights (green) or barrette of the TDZ lights.
The DH is to low, so the same except the approach lighting system because we have passed them and also not the lateral element of the ground pattern.
When does LAND, flare/no flare and rollout/no rollout appears on FMA?
Land = earliest 400ft, latest 350ft RA
Flare = earliest 40ft, latest 30ft.
Rollout = as soon as one of the main landing gears touches the ground.
What does LAND arm on the FMA? What happens when we see LAND on FMA?
Arms the flare and rollout mode. The FMGC and FCU freezes and aircraft is in land mode. We can only get out of it by applying TOGA thrust.
How far is it between centerline lights and the edge lights?
Can the towers RVR report be overridden by pilots?
15m between centerline lights and 60m between the edge lights.
Yes? We calculate amount of centerline lights we see. 9x15=135. We need to see at least 9 centerline lights to be able to depart with lowest LVO (125m).
When must LVP procedure be in force?
Depends from airport to airport but it should be when RVR is below 400m.
An LVTO is a take off on a runway where the RVR is? Performed by?
Is use of flex permitted?
What about if RVR is below 150m?
Below 550m = LVTO. (New, before it was 400m)
Performed by CM1.
Yes.
Then we need special approval from the authority.
Pilot incapacitated = what do we do during climb/descend or approach?
Climb = climb to MSA
Descent = monitor MSA = don’t descend below MSA unless everything is finished.
Approach = go-around.
What is the detection capability of the TCAS?
MAXIMUM ALTITUDE RANGE?
30NM either side (laterally) and 30-80NM longitudinally
9900FT above and below.
TCAS RA = collision after?
TCAS TA = collision after?
Real collision threat = 25s.
Potential collision threat = 40s
If we have TA/RA selected, when does it automatically reverts to TA? 4
If we get wind shear warning, stall warning, GPWS alert and aircraft is below 1000ft.
When is AP/FD TCAS inhibited? 2
If we have TA and not TA/RA and below 900ft AGL.
When is TA inhibited during climb and descend?
Below 600ft AGL in climb and below 400ft AGL in descent.
When is RA inhibited during climb and descend?
Below 1100 AGL in climb and 900ft AGL in descent.
Fuel leak procedure: if not confirmed it’s coming from the engine or leak is not located we need to isolate each wing. We maintain the cross feed valve closed and switch off the center pumps to?
If fuel symmetrically decreases in both wing tanks and the fuel quantity in the center tank decreases it means?
Because when we do like this each wing tank feeds it’s associated engine. We monitor the fuel and If fuel decreases faster in one wing = we know that the fuel leak comes from that side.
It means fuel leak comes from the center tank or APU feed line.
What does the cross feed button in the overhead FUEL do?
When we press it (on) = allows both engines to be fed from one side or one engine to be fed from both sides.
When does tailpipe fire occur and Why does tailpipe fire occur?
Only on ground/during engine start/engine shutdown.
Occur because we have excessive fuel in the combustion chamber, turbine or exhaust nozzle.
There is no ECAM alerts of tailpipe fire, which indications can maybe help us?
Procedure in QRH.
The EGT will increase due to fire in the turbines, we can check the EGT in E/WD.
Why do the QRH tell us to shut down the engine and to dry crank the engine in case of tailpipe fire?
To stop the fuel flow to the engine (shut down) and to remove the remaining fuel in the engine. We want to clean the fuel in the engine.
The performance impact of a tire burst is equivalent to?
To a brake released = we put ONE BRK release failure in case of 1 tire and TWO BRK release failure in case of 2 tires in the PERF calculation application.
Why does the QRH tell us to not apply reversers if we have fuel leak?
To prevent contact between fuel and hit surfaces of engines and brakes.
What does engine stall mean?
How do we detect it? 4.
We have QRH ENG 1(2) stall to this.
When the compressor blades are stalled = they are not able anymore to compress the air from the front to the end of the engine.
Loud bang, instant loose if thrust in affected side, fluctuation of the engine parameters and an increase of EGT.
When is engine secured?
No damage,
Damage,
Fire
No damage = when thrust lever idle and ENG master off on the affected side.
Damage = Thrust lever idle, ENG master off, ENG fire push button push and Agent 1 pressed.
Fire = Damage = Thrust lever idle, ENG master off, ENG fire push button push and Agent 1 and agent 2 pressed. Check the red lights goes blank on the overhead and beside the ENG masters.
When can we see that the engine is damaged? 5
Loud noise/bang, Amber crosses, N1 or N2 = 0, high EGT, loss of oil/hydraulic fluid
How is the flow when PF initiates go around and calls “Go around Flaps” 3
1: PM sets the flaps 1 step up normally from full to 3.
2: PM says positive climb. PF responds gear up
3: PM says gear up, flaps 3, 3000ft checked.
If we get go around above the missed approach altitude how do we do?
We call cancel approach, we don’t touch the thrust levers, disarm the APPR button and descends to the missed approach altitude with V/S.
When does ECAM inhibits the warnings? 2
From 80kt during rolling up to 1500ft or 2min after lift-off whichever occurs first.
If the airplane tends to skid sideways, what is god to do?
To release the brakes = press to deactivate the auto brake = contributing to maintaining and regaining directional control.
RWYCC 6 = dry = max crosswind on TOF/LDG/Narrow
TOF/LDG = 38kt.
Narrow = 20kt.
RWYCC 5 = good = max crosswind on TOF/LDG/Narrow
TOF = 29kt.
LDG = 33kt.
Narrow = 20kt.
RWYCC 4 = good to medium = max crosswind on TOF/LDG/Narrow
TOF and LDG = 20kt.
Narrow = 10kt.
RWYCC 3 = medium = max crosswind on TOF/LDG/Narrow
TOF and LDG = 15kt.
Narrow = 10kt.
What is pitch angle?
Angle between the longitudinal axis of the airplane and the horizon.
What is flight path angle?
Angle between the flight path vector and the horizon.
What is AOA?
Difference between the pitch angle and the flight path angle.
What is VA prot? When mach increases?
What is VA Max? When mach increases?
Maximum AOA speed at which alpha protection becomes active in normal law. The AOA value of it decreases as the mach increases = the alpha protection strip on the PFD moves upwards.
Maximum AOA speed in normal law = maximum AOA aircraft can fly in normal law. It decreases when mach increases.
When does the alpha floor protection kicks in?
What does it do?
Between Valpha prot and Valpha max.
It orders TOGA thrust = we get TOGA lock in FMA = thrust locked in TOGA.
How do we get out of TOGA lock?
We disconnects the auto thrust from the two red buttons, we increase the thrust to the dot (required thrust) and we activate auto thrust again from the FCU.
IR1 and IR2 give information to?
IR1 to PFD/ND 1 and IR2 to PFD/ND 2
What is mixed IRS position?
Each IR calculates its own values and are then compared to give an average position = mixed IRS position.
What is an IR and what does it provide? 8
Laser based inertial reference system (aircraft sensors) which provides attitude, heading, aircraft position, track, heading, acceleration, ground speed and the flight path vector.
Each laser gyro measures the rotation around its three axis (yaw = heading, pitch and roll = bank). The IR’s also have three accelerometers aligned with each axis of the aircraft to measure the?
Speed changes/acceleration.
When aircraft on ground, the only acceleration detected by the accelerometers are?
The earths gravity. = based on that it can measure the true north. Then it counts for the variation to show us the heading on the ND after the alignment.
What does the alignment time on the IR’s depends on?
Temperature and latitude. Lower temp = longer time to warm up the alignment process.
What is VREF?
Landing approach speed when we pass 50ft over the threshold in CONFIG FULL. (1.3 times the stalling speed)
How do we insert VREF+15 in the FMGC?
VREF = VAPP in config full (speed we pass 50ft over the threshold).
- We check the value on our VLS with CONFIG FULL. Say VLS = 135.
- Then we change from CONFIG FULL to CONFIG 3.
- We then add 15kt to it and now we set VAPP as (135+15) = 150kt.
VAPP is calculated by?
VLS is calculated by?
VAPP = FMGC (values we have inserted like QNH, wind, temp etc.)
VLS = FAC.
VAPP = greater of VLS?
VLS+5kt or VLS + 1/3 of the TWR reported headwind limited to 0-15kt.
What should we do if we get NAV ATT discrepancies?
We compare both of our attitudes on the PFD with the STBY. The PFD that matches with the STBY = correct. If we have the IR3 = we can turn the ATT/HDG switching button to the affected side.
What do we get if we get dual LGCIU failures? 6
Why do we set the GPWS SYS button to off?
We will get AUTO FLT A/THR OFF on E/WD, THR LK displayed in the FMA, Reverse 1+2 INOP, AP 1+2 INOP, Flap 3 for landing, Gravity gear extension.
Because GPWS will shout because it receives L/G is in up position even if the LDG gear is down.
The landing gear panel is connected to?
Which means if it fails?
LGCIU1.
The landing gear panel will be blank and the wheel page will have Amber crosses only = we can’t see the status of the landing gear.
GPS primary lost: how does it work?
Airplane determines it’s position on the map by the satellites and the IRS. Aircraft receives at least 4 satellite signals to pin point its location. If we loose the GPS = we can still rely on the IRS (check we have accuracy high).
Navigation FM/GPS POS disagree: how do we check?
We have QRH for this.
- We check the PROG page. If estimated ACCUR = above required = don’t rely on NAV, fly HDG/TRACK = raw data.
- Compare the positions of both FM’s with the GPIRS position on the MCDU position monitor page. If one FM position agrees with the onside GPIRS = use the associated AP/FD.
If both FM positions don’t agree with the onside GPIRS = deselect GPS and use raw data.
Auto flight map shift slow: How can we perform a navigation accuracy check?
What is the maximum difference?
We compare the FM positions (PROG PAGE calculated with FMGC) with the radio position/IR positions (bearing and distance VOR/DME or DME/DME). We insert the VOR in the PROG page and then we compare the bearing and distance on PROG page with the bearing and distance on the bottom left and right side on the ND.
If difference below 3NM = check is positive and realible.
One landing gear in abnormal position means what to auto brake and ground spoilers?
Auto brake can not be activated and the ground spoilers not armed.
Why do we select NWS STRG off/anti skid off if we have landing with abnormal gear?
The reference speed used by the anti skid to detect a wheel blockage is not correct = anti skid must be turned off to prevent permanent brake release.
Why do we turn RAM AIR on when we have landing with abnormal LG?
Limitation for ram air?
To ensure full depressurization of the aircraft before landing.
Below 10000ft and delta P is 1 PSI
Loss of braking memory items
Why do we say NWS/STRG off?
- Full reverse
- Release brakes
- Order NWS/STRG off (anti skid off = ABCU takes over from BSCU = alternate brakes are now active).
- Apply max 7 brake applications (ABCU automatically limits the brake pressure to 1000 PSI).
- If still no braking = use parking brake (short parking brake applications)
Because the ABCU kicks in (alternate brakes).
Localiser approach, deviation calls:
XTK more than?
LOC deviation more than?
Announce crosstrack = XTK more than 0.1NM (check on ND)
Announce LOC = LOC deviation more than 0.5 dot.
PM anoounces during approach:
SPEED?
RATE?
BANK?
PITCH?
Speed VAPP -5kt or +10kt.
V/S more than 1000ft/min.
More than 7 degrees.
-2.5 or above 10 degrees.
FPA approach:
Descent point
On the mile
Descent point, next 7 miles 2380.
7 miles, on profile/20ft high/low, next 6 miles 1770ft.
How does the GPS work?
It receives information from the satellites and gives very accurate position to the FMGC. The MMR process the data received and transfer the data to each ADIRS which then performs a position calculating.
The FMGS also use then this calculation to determine the position/heading and FM position of the aircraft = what we see on FMGC DATA MONITOR page.
What is SRS? When is it triggered and when does it disengage?
What should we not do during SRS? 3
Speed reference system. Managed mode used at take-off or go-around to maintain SRS speed (V2, V2+10) etc.
Triggered when we set thrust to FLX or TOGA and it disengages automatically at acceleration altitude.
Don´t clean up the aircraft, don´t switch to standard, and don´t change speed.
AP/FD and A/THR are all connected to?
What happens with the auto thrust if we takeoff without FD on?
Connected to the FMGC.
The A/THR will not be armed when we set FLEX and on acceleration altitude when we set the thrust to CLB, it will not activate the A/THR.
What is V2?
It ensures?
Minimum speed that needs to be maintained up to acceleration altitude in the event of engine failure after V1. Ensures minimum required climb gradient is achieved.
Is the STBY ports connected to the 3 ADIRUs? It means?
No, it is not. It means if we get total ADIRU failure, we will still have the STBY information. The aircraft takes the information direct from the STBY port = shown on ISIS.
Fully stabilized is defined as:
ON profile =
Estbalished on correct x and x =
Configuration =
IAS =
V/S =
Within 1 dot GS, within 1 light high or low on the PAPI
Established on correft lateral and vertical flight path
Landing configuration
IAS = VAPP target, -5/10kt
V/S not higher than 1000FPM
What is GS mini?
Wind changes due to gust etc. Function is to keep the aircraft energy level above a minimum value.
GS mini = VAPP - Tower headwind component
IAS target speed (VAPP) = GS mini + current headwind
IF VLS = 130kt. THR HDW = 20kt, VAPP = 130 + 1/3 HWC = 137kt. GS mini = 137 - 20kt = 117kt.
What is the two different thrust modes? SPEED/MACH and THR CLB/THR IDLE
When does the A/THR enganges during climb?
SPEED/MACH = system adjust the thrust to maintain a target speed/mach number. It´s priority is the speed.
THR CLB/THR IDLE= the system provides constant thurst. It´s priority is to keep constant thrust.
When we set the THR levers to CLB DETENT when passing thrust reduction altitude.
What is MCTA? How much does it cover during SID/STAR and in cruise? Lowest possible MCTA and when MCTA is not provided?
MINIMUM TERRAIN CLEARENCE ALTITUDE. COVERS TERRAIN AND OBSTACLES ON SID/STAR/ROUTE.
5NM EITHER SIDE OF CENTERLINE FOR SID/STAR.
10NM EITHER SIDE OF CENTERLINE FOR ROUTES.
TERRAIN UP TO 6000FT = 1000FT CLEARENCE. TERRAIN ABOVE 6000FT = 2000FT CLEARENCE
Lowest = 3100ft = means if it is not provided 3000ft is a safe altitude always.
When is speed brake extension inhibited on A320 and on A321?
A320 = flaps full.
A321 = CONF 3 and FLAPS full.
To loose altitude on low altitudes, A320 and A321. Flaps, speed and?
A320 = Flaps 2, SELECTED speed 185, half speedbrakes. WE CAN DISCONNECT AP TO USE FULL SPEEDBRAKES.
A321 = Flaps 2, speed 185-200kt, full speedbrakes.
When does the FMA changes from SRS to CLB on FMA and where does the speed trend jump?
At the acceleration altitude, jumps to managed target speed, constraint (250kt) or preselected speed.
What is NADP 2/ICAO B?
1000/1000 AAL.
What is NADP1?
1000/3000 AAL.
ICAO A/NADP A?
1500/3000 AAL.
AP connection at takeoff.
AP disconnection at landing with ILS and FINAL APP
100ft above AAL and at least 5s after liftoff.
ILS = 160ft AAL and FINAL APP = 250ft AAL.
Maximum operating altitude with slats and/or flaps extended
20000ft.