NMSK System Flashcards
What tissue, covers all internal and external body surfaces?
- ex: skin & inner lining of the blood vessels
Epithelial tissue
What tissue, provides structural and metabolic support for other tissues and organs of the body?
- Ex: bone, cartilage, tendons, ligament, blood tissue
Connective tissue
What tissue, classified functionally as either voluntary or involuntary, and structurally as either smooth, striated, or cardiac?
Muscle tissue
What tissue, provides two-way communication between the CNS and muscles,sensory organs, and various systems?
Nervous tissue
____ tissue is divided into subtypes according to the matrix that binds the cells.
Connective
Connective tissue is loose flexible matrix called _____.
Ground substance
Most common cell in connective tissue?
Fibroblast
- produces collagen, elastin, and reticulin fibers
What joint type, composes the external fibrous layer of the joint capsule, forms ligaments, bone, aponeuroses, and tendons?
Dense irregular connective tissue
Wha joint type, has parallel and tightly aligned fibers?
Dense irregular connective tissue
What joint type, is found in capsules, muscles, nerves, fascia, and skin?
Loose irregular connective tissue
What joint type, has random fiber orientation?
Loose irregular connective tissue
Ligament:
- dense irregular
Binds bones together and restrains unwanted movements at the joints; resists tendons in several directions
Tendon
- dense irregular
Attaches muscle to bone
_______ irregular connective tissue provides structural support.
Loose
Fascia is ___ connective tissue.
Loose
Fascia provides _____ to the joint.
Support and protection
______ portion of fascia, consists mainly of collagen and elastin fibers.
Fibrous
_____ portion of fascia, consists of amorphous ground substance.
Nonfibrous
Function to attach muscle to bone, and when stretched to store elastic energy that contributes to movement.
Tendon
Tendon allows the ____ to be an optimal distance from the joint.
Muscle belly
Tendon collagen fibers:
Type 1: 95%
Type 3&4: 5%
Tendon vascularity rate:
Sparse leading to lower metabolic/turnover rate
Tendon covering from inside to outside:
Endotenon (fascicles) –> epitenon (groups of fascicles) –> partenon (entire tendon)
4 types of fundamental tissues:
- epithelial tissue
- connective tissue
- muscle tissue
- nervous tissue
Tendon exhibit ____ mechancal properties.
Viscoelastic
Tendons are more_____ at lower strain rates.
elastic
Tendons are ____ at higher rates of tensile loading.
stiffer
Tendons deform ____ than ligaments under an applied load.
less
Tendons are able to transmit the load from ____ to ____.
muscle, bone
A resting tendon has a slightly ____ appearance
crimped
Strains of 1-2% result in:
Straightening of this crimp
Strains of 2-6%:
usually well tolerated
Strains > 6%:
incomplete tears
Strains between 8-10%:
complete structural failure
Tendon can ___ adapt with an appropriate repeated physiological loading.
positively
_____ withstand strong tensile forces well, resist shear forces less well, and provide little resistance to compression force.
Tendons
3 sections of a tendon:
- Bone-tendon junction
- Tendon midsubstance
- Musculotendinous junction
What section of tendon, has collagen fibers that insert directly into the bone in a gradual transition of material composition?
Bone-Tendon Junction
What section of tendon, physical junction between the tendon and bone is referred to as the enthesis?
Bone-Tendon Junction
What section of tendon, vulnerable to acute and chronic injury?
Bone-Tendon Junction
What section of tendon, absorbs and distributes the stress concentration over a broader area?
Bone-Tendon Junction
What section of tendon, overuse injuries may occur here, but not as often as at the enthesis?
Tendon Midsubstance
