NMS 1

Question 1

What kind of joint complex is the spine?

Answer 1

3 joint complex

Question 2

What is the pathophysiology of chiropractic subluxation complex (joint dysfunction)?

Answer 2

Abnormal anatomical or functional relationships of articular structures. Usually demonstrate restricted movement and minimal to moderate tenderness. Often associated with other soft tissue injuries.

Question 3

What is the external joint component (connective tissue) of chiropractic subluxation complex (joint dysfunction)?

Answer 3

• Muscle and ligamentous fibrosis
• Muscle contraction (muscle spasm, muscle splinting)
  - self sustain cycle possible
  - deep segmental muscles may be involved
• postural abnormalities and adaptions
• contracture (example: shortening of muscle)

Question 4

What is the internal joint component of chiropractic subluxation complex (joint dysfunction)?

Answer 4

• Interarticular block (meniscoid block-aka synovial tag)
• Intradiscal block (something within the disc that is blocking movement) (example: lumbar flexion moves nuclear material posterior)

Question 5

What are the kinematic effects (movement component; functional pathomechanics) of chiropractic subluxation complex (joint dysfunction)?

Answer 5

• Fixation, hypomobility

- Hypermobility, joint instability

Question 6

What are the neurogenic effects of chiropractic subluxation complex (joint dysfunction)?

Answer 6

• Nerve root compressive effects
• Reflex effects
  - Somato-somatic
  - Somato-visceral (Ex: LBP may affect GI function)
  - Viscero-somatic

Question 7

What are the vascular effects of chiropractic subluxation complex (joint dysfunction)?

Answer 7

• Direct: improve blood flow, reduce edema, speed of resolution of -itis, ect.
• Indirect: sympathtic vasomotor

Question 8

What is spondylosis?

Answer 8

Used as a term for DJD of the spine

Question 9

What is spondyloarthrosis?

Answer 9

Is any joint disease of the vertebral column. Is the name for a family of inflammatory rheumatic diseases that cause arthritis. The most common is ankylosing spondylitis.

Question 10

What is spondylolisthesis?

Answer 10

Slippage of the spine, usually about anterior slippage of the spine. (Example: the pars breaks and causes the slippage)

Question 11

DJD is also known as?

Answer 11

• osteoarthrITIS–theres inflammation

- osteoarthrOSIS–theres no inflammation

Question 12

DDD stands for?

Answer 12

degenerative disc disease

Question 13

What is the pathophysiology for orthopedic subluxations and dislocations?

Answer 13

Displaced and unstable joint resulting from traumatic or degenerative disruption of ligamentous tissue.

• Subluxation: partial luxation of adjacent joint surfaces
• Dislocation: complete luxation of adjacent joint surfaces

Question 14

What is the presentation of Acute Facet Syndrome?

Answer 14

acute pain, joint locking, and antalgia

Question 15

What is the pathophysiology for chronic facet syndrome?

Answer 15

chronic mechanical derangement of the posterior joints; represented by recurring episodes of pain and inflammation, often associated with unstable motion segment