NMP Flashcards
What is pharmacokinetics
What the body does to the drug
What is pharmacodynamics?
What the drug does to the body
What are the factors that affect absorption?
- Physical nature of dosage form
- Presence or absence of food in the stomach
- Composition of gastrointestinal contents
- Gastric or intestinal PH
- Mesenteric blood flow
- Concurrent administration with other drugs
What is dosage form?
What is its significance?
Refers to whether a medicine is in tablet, capsule or liquid form.
It determines the rate and extent of absorption.
What is bioavailability?
Proportion of the administered dose that reaches the systemic circulation
First pass metabolism?
Defence mechanism whereby the liver protects the body from drugs or toxins absorbed via the GI tract by filtering them through metabolic mechanisms mediated by enzymes.
Metabolism phase 1?
Oxidisation
Metabolism phase 2?
Conjugation
What happens when metabolism malfunctions?
In liver disease or elderly or young, metabolism can be compromised by reduced enzyme function and cause toxicity.
Enzyme induction?
Prices by which a drug initiates or enhances the activity of an enzyme
Enzyme inhibition?
Process of interference or reduction in enzyme activity
What relevance does renal function have on excretion?
If renal function is compromised, elimination of drugs is less effective and they are therefore at risk of toxicity
NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandins which can cause?
Inhibition of excretion of other drugs due to reduced renal blood flow
What is an ADR?
A response to a drug which is noxious and unintended, which occurs at doses normally used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis, therapy of disease or modification of physiological function.
Always harmful, SEs are not.
Narrow therapeutic index?
Small range between effective and toxic dose
For example, if reduced renal function or hepatic enzymes could equal toxic levels
