Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OSCE > NME > Flashcards

NME Flashcards

1
Q

A patient presents with LUTS, what are voiding symptoms and what is the most likely cause?

A

Hesitancy, decreased flow, incomplete voiding, intermittent flow

Most likely caused by obstruction (prostate, stricture, retention)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A patient presents with LUTS, what are storage symptoms and what is the most likely cause?

A

Frequency, urgency, urge incontinence, nocturia

Most likely UTI (but could also be pregnancy, overactive bladder or tumor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name 4 red flags to ask about if a patient presents with LUTS?

A

Haematuria
Weight loss
Saddle anesthesia
Abdominal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

On abdominal examination, what is suggested by a finding of: Palmar erythema?

A

Liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

On abdominal examination, what is suggested by a finding of: Dupuytren’s contracture

A

Alcohol excess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

On abdominal examination, what is suggested by a finding of: Kolionychia (spoon nails)

A

Chronic iron deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

On abdominal examination, what is suggested by a finding of: Leukonychia

A

Hypoalbuminaemia

Liver failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

On abdominal examination, what is suggested by a finding of: Hepatic flap

A

Hepatic encephalopathy
Uremia
CO2 retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

On abdominal examination, what is suggested by a finding of: Petechiae

A

Low platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

On abdominal examination, what is suggested by a finding of: Hair loss

A

IDA

Malnourishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

On abdominal examination, what is suggested by a finding of: Acanthosis nigricans

A

GI adenocarinoma

Obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

On abdominal examination, what is suggested by a finding of: Xanthelasma

A

Hyperlipidaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

On abdominal examination, what is suggested by a finding of: Angular stomatitis

A

IDA

B12 deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

On abdominal examination, what is suggested by a finding of: Mouth ulcers

A

Crohns

Coeliac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

On abdominal examination, what is suggested by a finding of: Oral candidiasis

A

Immuniodeficiency
Steroid use
IDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

On abdominal examination, what is suggested by a finding of: Glossitis

A

IDA

B12 or folate deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

On abdominal examination, what is suggested by a finding of: Spider naevi

A

> 5 suggests chronic liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

On abdominal examination, what is suggested by a finding of: Gynaecomastia

A

Liver cirrhosis

Spironolactone/ digoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

On abdominal examination, what is suggested by a finding of: Cullen’s sign (and what is it?)

A

Bruising around umblicus

Pancreatitis or ruptured AAA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

On abdominal examination, what is suggested by a finding of: Grey turners sign (and what is it?)

A

Bruising in flanks

Pancreatitis or ruptured AAA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

On abdominal examination, what is suggested by a finding of: Striae

A

Shows distension

22
Q

On abdominal examination, what is suggested by a finding of: Caput medusa

A

Portal hypertension

Chronic liver disease

23
Q

What is Murphy’s sign and how do you examine for it

A

Press at 9th costal margin, MC line
Ask patient to inspire
If they stop inspiration this is Murphy’s positive as pain from inflamed gallbladder has prevented further inspiration

24
Q

What are the management options for a patient with diverticulosis? (3)

A

High fibre diet,
Bulk forming laxatives
Paracetamol for pain

25
Q

What are the consequences of UC which a patient should be counselled on?(3)

A

2x risk o CRC
Risk of osteoporosis
25% lifetime surgery

26
Q

What do you advise a patient with UC about colonoscopy follow up?

A

After 10 years have a colonoscopy every 1-3 years due to CRC risk

27
Q

What do you advise a patient with Crohn’s about colonoscopy follow up?

A

One colonoscopy 10 years after diagnosis

28
Q

How long does carbimazole take to work?

A

4-8 weeks

29
Q

How long is a patient likely to take carbimazole?

A

12-18months

50% then cured

30
Q

What checks are done when a patient is on carbimazole?

A

TFT’s monthly

31
Q

What are the common side effects of carbimazole?

A

Headache, sickness, taste change

Should pass in a few weeks

32
Q

What is the important SE you must council on for carbimazole?

A

Agranulocytosis
(Fever, rash, sore throat, mouth ulcers)
Check WCC immediately

33
Q

How long does a patient take levothyroxine for?

A

Lifelong

34
Q

How should levothyroxine be taken?

A 
Before breakfast
(Iron or calcium can affect absorption)
35
Q

How should a patient on levothyroxine be monitored?

A

Check TFT’s after 1 month

36
Q

What are the SE of levothyroxine?

A

Weight loss, diarrhoea, irritability, sweating etc

37
Q

What should a patient on levothyroxine be counseled on regarding prescriptions?

A

Free for life

38
Q

Name 3 bits of lifestyle advice for a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes?

A

Healthy diet
Lose weight
30mins exercise 3x/ week
Stop smoking/ control BP

39
Q

What are the common SE’s of metformin? (4)

A

Nausea, diarrhoea, change in taste, lack of appetite

40
Q

What is the rare but important SE of metformin?

A

Lactic acidosis
If very sick, very tired, very SOB let doctor know.
- Normally occurs when already unwell
- Alcohol can precipitate

41
Q

What should a patient be warned about regarding hospital admissions with metformin?

A

Advise doctors (as can raise risk of AKI so is normally stopped)

Can’t have if having contrast

42
Q

How should a patient be counselled to take their metformin?

A

Same time each day
Take after food
Swallow whole don’t break or chew

43
Q

What should a patient do if they forget a dose of metformin?

A

Take next dose as normal

Don’t take two doses together

44
Q

For a patient with newly diagnosed T2DM, how often should the HbA1c be checked?

A

3-monthly until stable

Then 6 monthly

45
Q

Name 5 symptoms to council a patient on for a hypo?

A

Trembling, sweating, anxiety, tingling, blurred vision, confusion

46
Q

What blood test should you do before starting a patient on metformin?

A

Kidney function

47
Q

In a diabetic foot examination, what three pieces of equipment are needed?

A

Mono-filament
Tuning fork
Tendon hammer

48
Q

What are the signs of PAD on inspection of the leg in a diabetic foot exam (3)?

A

Dry/shiny skin

Hair loss

49
Q

What are the signs of venous disease in a peripheral vascular exam (2)?

A

Haemosiderin deposits

Eczema

50
Q

What are the characteristics are arterial ulcers? (4)

A

Very painful
Deep and punched out appearance
With diabetes/ PAD

51
Q

What are the characteristics of venous ulcers?(4)

A

Less pain
Large and shallow
Associated with venous disease

52
Q

Name the components that should be checked in a lymph node examination.

A

Head and neck LN’s (Inspect and palpate)
Axiallary LN’s (Ant, medial, post, lateral, apical) - Gloves
Epitrochlear + popilteal LN’s
Inguinal (Horizontal and vertical chains)
Palpate for hepato or splenomegaly

OSCE (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions