njure Flashcards

1
Q

3 ways GFR or renal blodflow is regulated

A

Myogenic. inbyggt. arterioli is contracted if increased intramural pressure.
Tubuloglomular. If a big flow of sodium in macula densa leads to vasoconstriction of affernet arterioli. `
Sympatiskt leder till minskad Na och vattenutsondring. 1. Increased reabsorbtion Na och H2O. 2. vasoconstricting arterioli. 3. aktiverar RAAS, renin is released from juxtaglomerul’ra celler.

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2
Q

normalt GFR per minute healty adult?

A

125 ml/mon

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3
Q

Which part of loop of Henle is permiable to water and which is not?

A

Think descending is permiable to water. Thin ascending and thick acsending is NOT .

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4
Q

Effekter av aldosteron i njure?

A

Increased Na+ transportation. 1. Promotes formation of natriumkanaler. 2. Increased activity of NaK.ATPaset.

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5
Q

Hur styrs vattenabsorbtionen i njuren. Name one hormone that effects and in what way.

A

Sker mycket i collecting ducts. ADH samma som argine vassopresin. Produced i pituitary gland (av ff.a hypovolemi).
ADH 1. vasokonstriktion arterioli i njure (keeps GFR ) even in hypovolemi. 2. increased expression of aquaporiner which increases water reabsorbtion.

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6
Q

var tillverkas renin? Vilken effekt?

A

i Makula densa. Klyver angiotensinogen (from liver) till angiotensin 1.

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7
Q

hur bilads ANG2?

A

renin klyver angiotensnogen (lever) till ang 1. ACE hormonet produceras i lunga och konverterar inaktivt ang1 till aktivt angiotensin 2.

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8
Q

name 2 vessel effects that angiotensin 2 har?

A
  1. stark kontraherande effekt efferent arterioli njure.
  2. systemisk vasoconstriktion men ej lika stark som effekt nr 1
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9
Q

ADH effekt netto och 2 mekanismer?

A

Vattenabsorbtion. 1. Kontraherar EFFERENT arterioli. 2. Aquaporinkanaluttryck increases.

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10
Q

Aldosterone nettoeffekt?

A

Spara salt! NAreabsorbtion genom hormone sensitive Nakanaler i connecting tubuli och collecting ducts.

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11
Q

Hur produceras Angiotensin 2 samt skriv 2 vessel effects och en annan hormonell effekt

A

angiotensinogen from liver. Klyvs av renin till ANg 1. Som konverteras av ACE (from lung) till ang 2.
Kontraherar efferent arterioli starkt. Plus svagare men systemisk vasoconstriction. increased production renin.

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12
Q

Var skapas aldosterone? Increased production by 4 things? (2 electrolytes och 2 hormoner)

A

I binjurebarken (zoona glomerulosa). Av hyperkalemi, hyponatremi, ANG 2 och adrenocortioctop hormon.

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13
Q

vilket organ producerar
1 adh
2. renin
3, aldosteron
4 angiotensin 2

A
  1. hypofys.
  2. njure
  3. binjurebarken
  4. lever via angiotensinogen.
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14
Q

Renal osteodystrofi. Beskriv mekanismen översiktligt. (2 sätt mineraksänkning)

A

Minskad aktivering av d-vitamin i njure. Leder till minska Ca2+upptag i njuren. Hypokalcemi vilket ökar pth-hormonutsöndringen. Vilket vill höja kalciumnivå i blodet genom benreabsorbtion.
2. Med minskad gfr minskad fosfatutsöndring. Ökat fosfat leder till minskat calcium i blodet.

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15
Q

Vilken typ av anemi är typisk vid kronisk njursvikt?

A

Normocytär normokrom

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16
Q

Läkemedel vid kronisk njursvikt. Förlängd effekt/ kan användas/använd ej
1 benzodiazepiner
2. Morfin
3fentanyl
4 remi
3 propofol.

A

Benso - ökad mängd fritt aktivt. Diazepam och midazolam metaboliter ansamlas
Morfin- metabolit ansamlas. Morfin 6 glucuronide- ger mycket andningsdepression.
Fentanyl kan användas
Remi kan användas
Propofol - kan användas. Ev dosreducera induktionsdosen något.