Nitrates

Question 1

Nitrates work by

Answer 1

~ potent coronary vasodilators
~ reduction in venous return which reduces left ventricular work

Question 2

Side effects of nitrates includes

Answer 2

flushing, headache, postural hypotension

Question 3

Nitrates e.g.

Answer 3

GTN
Isosorbide mononitrate

Question 4

GTN spray

Answer 4

Sublingual GTN = rapid symptomatic relief of angina
~ effect lasts only for 20 to 30 minutes
~ aerosol spray = alternative method of rapid relief of symptoms for those who find difficulty in dissolving sublingual preparations.
~ Transdermal preparations used for prophylaxis of angina; duration of action may be prolonged (but tolerance may develop)

Question 5

Isosorbide dinitrate

Answer 5

effective by mouth for prophylaxis & tx of angina; although effect slower in onset, it may persist for several hours. MR preparations = duration of action up to 12h
~ activate metabolites = isosorbide mononitrate