nifedipine/dopamine/dobutamine/verp

Question 1

nifedipine effects
systemic BP
Heart rate
myocardial depression
sinoatrial node
av node conduction
coronary artery dilation
peripheral artery dilation

Answer 1

decrease BP
increase to no change HR
moderate myocardial depression
no sa
no av
marked coronary artery dilation
marked peripheral artery dilation

Question 2

nifedipine oral dose

iv odse

Answer 2

10-30mg oral every 8 hrs

5-15mcg/kg-iv

Question 3

nifedipine side effects

Answer 3

flushing, vertigo, and headache are most common

Question 4

dopamine clinical uses

Answer 4

increase cardiac output in patients with decreased contractility, low systemic blood pressure and low urine output as may be present after cardiopulmonary bypass or chronic heart failure.

increases myocardial contractility
renal blood flow
GFR
excretion of sodium and urine output

Question 5

when is dopamine not preferred

Answer 5

pulmonary HTN

right ventricular function

Question 6

dopamine d1 receptors

Answer 6

postsynaptically -vasodilation in renal, mesenteric, coronary and cerebral vascular beds and inhibition of sodium potassium pump.

Question 7

dopamine

receptors stimulated

Answer 7

d1=d2>b>a

Question 8

dopamine d2 receptors

Answer 8

presynaptically- inhibit adenylate cyclase. inhibit release of NE. nausea and vomiting and reward.

Question 9

dopamine at infusion of 0.5-3mcg/kg/min

Answer 9

d1 and d2 receptors. vasodilation diuresis and natriuresis.

Question 10

dopamine at 3-10mcg/kg/min

Answer 10

beta receptors and some alpha induces NE release - increases co by increasing chronotropy and contractility.

Question 11

dopamine at greater than 10mcg/kg/min

Answer 11

predominantly stimulates alpha 1 receptors. leading to arterial nd venous vasoconstriction. increases SVR BP CO and reflex bradycardia may occur

Question 12

what is the variability of dopamine

Answer 12

10-75 fold variability in dopamine plasma concentrations.

Question 13

dopamines increase coronary perfusion and cardiac output while decreasing after load is similar to what device

Answer 13

intraaortic balloon pump

Question 14

elimination of atracurium

Answer 14

hoffman elimination

nonspecific esterase

Question 15

elimination of cisatracurium

Answer 15

hoffman elimination

nonspecific esterase

Question 16

elimination of rocuronium

Answer 16

hepatic renal

liver- excreted in the bile-per hammon

Question 17

elimination of vecuronium

Answer 17

renal 30%

hepatic 40-80%

Question 18

elimination of pancuronium

Answer 18

renal primarily some hepatic

Question 19

elimination of succs

Answer 19

plasma cholinesterase

Question 20

elimination of mivacurium

Answer 20

plasma cholinesterase

Question 21

ketamine receptors

Answer 21

NMDA
Opioid receptors
monoaminergic receptors 
muscarinic receptors
voltage sensitive sodium
L type Calcium channels
neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Question 22

what is ketamine actions on gaba a receptors

Answer 22

weak actions

Question 23

what does ketamine suppress

Answer 23

neutrophil production of inflammatory mediators and improves blood flow.

Question 24

direct inhibition of cytokines in blood by ketamine contributes to what

Answer 24

contributes to the analgesic effects of ketamine

Question 25

ketamine inhibits action of NMDA receptors by using what neurotransmitter

Answer 25

glutamate- and decreases presynaptic release of glutamate

Question 26

what antagonizes ketamine

Answer 26

anti cholinesterase drugs

Question 27

what does ketamine do with sodium channels

Answer 27

mild local anesthetic like properties sharing binding site with local anesthetics.

Question 28

what does ketamine have to do with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Answer 28

may play a role in its analgesic effects

Question 29

why is ketamine a good choice IM (what type of patients)

Answer 29

induction drug in children and difficult to manage mentally challenged patients regardless of age

Question 30

why is ketamine a good choice for rapid induction for asthma patients

Answer 30

it has drug induced bronchodilation

Question 31

patients with increased ICP and ketamine why dont we want to use it

Answer 31

nystagmus

Question 32

the side effect of ketamine is increase cerebral blood flow by how much

Answer 32

60%

Question 33

administration of what medication can blunt ketamine induced increases in cerebral blood flow

Answer 33

thiopental, diazepam, midazolam,