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W.A-W1 > Nickel Alloys and Clad Steels > Flashcards

Nickel Alloys and Clad Steels Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What are the two (2) main advantages of using nickel and its alloys?
    a)
    b)
A
  1. a) excellent corrosion resistance, especially at elevated temperatures
    b) a significant increase in equipment service life (a reduction in maintenance costs
    justifies the extra cost of these alloys)
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2
Q
  1. One reason the use of nickel and nickel alloys is increasing is their:
    a) corrosion and impact resistance.
    b) oxidation and impact resistance.
    c) hardness and impact resistance.
    d) oxidation and corrosion resistance.
A
  1. d) oxidation and corrosion resistance.
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3
Q
  1. What is the advantage of low carbon nickel?
A
  1. Low carbon nickel is more ductile than straight nickel.
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4
Q
  1. When alloyed with steel in amounts up to 4%, what effect does nickel have on the mechanical properties of steel?
A
  1. Nickel increases the tensile strength of steel by approximately 41.4 MPa (6000 psi) per percent,

-and it improves low temperature impact properties.

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5
Q
  1. Which is not considered a nickel-based alloy?
    a) low carbon nickel
    b) Incoloy
    c) Monel
    d) Inconel
A
  1. b) Incoloy
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6
Q
  1. Nickel, Monel and Inconel can be hardened by heat treatment.
    a) true
    b) false
A
  1. b) false They are solid solution alloys and not heat-treatable.
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7
Q
  1. List five (5) types of metals that may be used for cryogenic applications.
    a)
    b)
    c)
    d)
    e)
A
  1. a) copper
    b) aluminum
    c) Monel
    d) 300 series (austenitic) stainless steel
    e) 9% nickel steel
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8
Q
  1. List three (3) factors to consider when selecting filler rods for welding nickel and nickel alloys.
    a)
    b)
    c)
A

a) Filler metals should match the parent metal composition.
b) Hardenable filler metal is required if welding age-hardenable alloys.
c) Welding of dissimilar metals requires the filler metal to match the more noble metal.

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9
Q
  1. For welding dissimilar nickel alloys, the filler metal should have:
    a) a lower nickel content than either alloy.
    b) a similar chemical composition to the less noble alloy.
    c) a similar chemical composition to the more noble alloy.
    d) a higher nickel content than either alloy.
A
  1. c) similar chemical composition to the more noble alloy.
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10
Q
  1. The recommended arc length when using SMAW on most nickel alloys is:
    a) extra long.
    b) long.
    c) normal.
    d) short.
A
  1. d) short.
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11
Q
  1. What is the most common type of joint used to join nickel and nickel alloys?
A
  1. the butt joint
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12
Q
  1. When is preheat required for the welding of nickel or nickel alloys?
    a) in all cases prior to welding
    b) to maintain interpass temperatures when specified
    c) when ambient temperatures fall to freezing or below
    d) when ambient temperatures fall below 21o C (70oF)
A
  1. c) when ambient temperatures fall to freezing or below
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13
Q
  1. What polarity is normally used with SMAW for the welding of nickel and nickel
    alloys?
A
  1. DCEP
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14
Q
  1. List three (3) causes of excessive spatter when using SMAW on nickel alloys.
    a)
    b)
    c)
A
  1. Any three (3) of the following are correct.
    a) The arc length is too long.
    b) Amperage is excessive.
    c) Polarity is wrong.
    d) Electrodes are damp.
    e) Slag is running under the arc.
    f) Arc blow conditions exist.
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15
Q
  1. What three (3) elements cause porosity when welding nickel or nickel alloys?
    a)
    b)
    c)
A
  1. a) nitrogen
    b) oxygen
    c) carbon monoxide
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16
Q
  1. Describe clad materials.
A
  1. A clad steel is a composite material that has been bonded on one or both sides with a
    thin layer of a more expensive high alloy material.
17
Q
  1. What are the advantages of using a clad steel instead of a full alloy material?
A
  1. Clad material provides the benefits of the more expensive alloy at a reduced cost.
18
Q
  1. The thickness of cladding may range from ______________ % of the total material
    thickness.
    a) 5 to 50
    b) 5 to 60
    c) 10 to 70
    d) 10 to 80
A
  1. a) 5 to 50
19
Q
  1. In Table 4, list the types of backing materials that may have cladding applied and
    state the type of service application.
    Types of Materials Service Application
    Table 4
A
  1. Table 5 shows the correct answers.
    Types of Materials Service Application
    Plain carbon steels All-purpose
    Nickel steels Low temperature properties
    Carbon molybdenum steels Elevated temperature service
    Chromium molybdenum steels Elevated temperatures
    Manganese molybdenum steels High tensile
    Table 5
20
Q
  1. Why should punching and shearing be done from the clad side?
A
  1. This is to throw the burr on to the steel side.
    -this way, the thickness of the clad side is not compromised.
21
Q
  1. List three (3) factors to consider when flame cutting clad steels.
    a)
    b)
    c)
A
  1. Any three (3) of the following are correct.
    a) Many clad steels up to 30% thickness of cladding can be successfully cut
    from the steel side without special equipment.
    b) Greater than 30% may require a flux or powder injection torch.
    c) Flux or powder injection torches allow cutting from the clad or steel side.
    d) Use lower than normal oxygen pressures.
    e) Use a three hose torch to get better control of oxygen pressure.
    f) Use a larger size tip, preferably a six preheat hole tip.
    g) Straight chrome and chromium nickel cladding may require grinding after
    cutting to remove brittle areas that have been affected by carbide
    precipitation.
22
Q
  1. Why should low carbon steel filler metals not come in contact with the clad materials
    during welding?
A
  1. Carbon steel contamination results in a hard brittle area with a loss of ductility.
23
Q
  1. The recommended sequence for welding a 25.4 mm (1”) thick clad material is to
    weld:
    a) the backing material side first.
    b) the clad material side first.
    c) alternatively between the clad and backing materials.
    d) from the most accessible side.
A
  1. a) the backing material side first.
24
Q
  1. What is meant by the term dilution?
    a) increasing the corrosion resistance properties
    b) the mixing of filler metal with the parent metal
    c) the use of shallow penetrating electrodes
    d) the reduction of ductility in the heat-affected zone
A
  1. b) the mixing of filler metal with the parental metal
25
Q
  1. What are two (2) advantages of a full alloy weld when joining clad steels?

a)
b)

A

25.
a) Fit up is simplified.
b) Reduced joint preparation and fit up labour compensates for higher weld metal costs.

26
Q
  1. What thickness range is most often welded with the clad alloy filler metal?
A
  1. 1/2” thickness or less

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