Nicholas 1st and Alexander 2nd Flashcards
When was the crimean war?
1853-1856.
When did Nicholas 1st become the Tsar?
December 14th 1845.
During the crimean war who were the main competitors?
Britain, France, Ottomans and Russians.
How many Russians died in the crimean war compared to Ottomans?
220,000 to 45,400.
How did the Russians begin to loose the crimean war?
They were trapped in trenches and outnumbered.
True or false? Was Russia considered the country with the highest Military capability at the time of the crimean war.
True.
Where is the location of the crimean war?
The crimean is located around the Caspian sea.
How did the crimean war end and who ended it by what way?
Alexander 2nd signed the treaty of Paris in 1856 ending the war with a hardly done to army.
What was Nicholas 1st’s claim to the start of the war in the first place?
Nicholas wanted to protect the slaves who were Eastern Europeans and believed in the greek orthodox church.
What were the main causes for the end of this Russian war?
The ottomans sank a whole fleet of Russian ships and the Russians lost Sebistopal which was a main trading dock in a warm sea.
What was the reason for the British and French to join in the war?
The British and Turkish trade in the Caspian sea was valuable so the British chose to protect the Turks and form a coalition with France, Armenia (Italy).
How many men were sent from the coalition to attack sebistopal?
60,000
When was the Battle of Balaclava fought?
In october 1854, the French and British defeated the Russians.
When was the Battle of Inkerman fought?
In November 1854, the French and British defeated the Russians.
How many people died on each side?
Russians:220,000 British:21,097 French:95,000 Ottomans:45,400
What was the nickname of the new Tsar of Russia?
Tsar Liberator.
When was Alexander 2nd crowned?
1855
What factors were Russia struggling with after the crimean war?
Outdated technology, Military desertions, poor transport and inadequate leadership.
When did Alexander emancipate the serfs?
February 1861.
What fraction of the worlds land surface did Russia own?
1/6
How many miles did Russia stretch?
6000 miles.
What was the climate like?
It was diverse some sub tropical ports and other frozen inhabitable terrain.
What percent of the Russian population lived and worked in towns and cities?
2%.
What were problems to resolve in the empire?
The country was urbanised in areas and regionalised in others, extremely difficult to govern, it looked weak and incompetent when riots occur and famines were induced by bad transport of food.
What was the population of Russia in 1831?
56 million.
By 1897 what was the population of Russia?
Around 126 million.
How many languages were spoken in Russia?
Over 100 languages.
What were the main ethnicities of the empire?
Russian, Armenian, Ukrainian and Polish ETC.
True or False? Russia was home to the largest population of Jews in the world?
True the Jews were mass purged.
What did Russian society depend on before 1860?
Serfdom!
How big was the middle class by 1897?
2 million people.
What 2 belief groups was Russia split into?
Slavophiles and westeners. Slavophiles wanted to keep the continued reign of the Russian Tsar as it had been for years previous. Westeners looked for change in looking at Britain and France to replecate in Russia.
Pig iron facts?
By 1800 Russia was the largest manufacturer of Pig iron but by Alexander 2nds reign England made 10x more pig iron than Russia.
Railway facts?
1600 kilometres of Railway in Russia and 15000 kilometres of Railway in England.
What was a slogan Nicholas 1st preached that Alexander 2nd continued?
“Autocracy, orthodoxy and nationality”
What was the main use of the Russian Orthodox church?
The main use was to indoctrinate the Russian society as the Tsar Believed in divine right to rule.
What does Divine right mean?
The Tsars god given right to rule over the country.
What did the Tsar do immediately in politics?
The Tsar tried to limit political groups that may reduce his power as he had 0 tolerance for them.
What was introduced by the Tsar to put down attempts of political opponents?
The Tsar introduced the secret police known as the Third section and later the Okrana, similarly linked to the ideas of the German Guestapo.
Who was head of the Holy synod of the church?
The Tsar.
How long was conscription pre reforms?
25 years and was compulsory for all classes including the Nobility from the age of 21 and above.
In 1874-1875 how many years did conscription drop to?
Conscription dropped to 15 years and 9 in reserve from the previous 25 years.
Military reforms?
Literacy in the army was improved, 90% of ex-serfs lived in society and Army education campaigns were set up in 1870-1890.
What was the name of Alexander 2nds wife when he toured Europe?
Maria Hess.
How many annual redemption payments were serfs forced to pay?
49 annual redemption payments.
What was the Zemstva?
Alexander 2nd formed the Zemstva which were local government constituencies.
Alexander 2nds reforms?
The travel ban was removed, improvements to modernise science and technology and improve the empire, greater power was given to the secret police.
Who was appointed the new minister of education?
Dimitry Tolstoy.
When did Russia sell Alaska to the Usa?
In 1867.
When did Russia go to war with the ottomans again and why?
In 1877 to free Baulklans in the Balklans war.
When was Alexander 2nd assassinated and by who?
13th March 1881 by the peoples will (Narodnaya Volya).
