niacin (b3) -- nad, nadp

Question 1

what is significant in niacin hx?

Answer 1

mass grain milling, producing white flour for 1st time of wide scale, prevented food spoilage but resulted in loss of mineral and vitmains in outer layers of grain and germ
BERIBERI AND PELLAGRA APPEARED

Question 2

what is pellagra?

Answer 2

deficiency of niacin condition. nicotinic acid is a pellagra preventative factor. caused enrichment of grains to be a law. whole grain products contain more nutrients than enriched products. change diet to change pellagra status

Question 3

niacin B3 functions?

Answer 3

precursor for formation of pyridine nucleotide coenzymes (NAD, NADP)
key role in all redox reactions in catabolism of glucose, fatty acids, AAs, and ketone bodies (all the metabolic pathways couple to electron-to-oxygen transfer systems)
NAD is more involved in more reactions than anyy other vitamin derived compounds
Na-mediated activation of sirtuins aka deacetylases in cancer, aging and metabolism control

**structures of vitamers(nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, nicotinamide riboside) contain pyridine ring structures
ALSO TRYPTOPHAN HAS NIACIN ACTIVITY AFTER CONVERSION TO NICOTINIC ACID NUCLEOTIDE

Question 4

what is a precursor to niacin?

Answer 4

tryptophan and essential AAs can provide niacin

Question 5

what is niacin in pathways?

Answer 5

niacin if front of pathway for ETC, WHICH WILL NOT RUN WITH A NIACIN DEFICIENCY

Question 6

what is a sirtuin?

Answer 6

protein that uses NAD+ as substrate and produce nicotinamide with deacylase activity

Question 7

what are concerning about niacin mutations and polymorphisms?

Answer 7

polymorphisms won’t cause disease but can affect niacin requirement: either need less bc you hang onto the compound longer or more.