NHA EXAM

Question 1

Role of Phlebotomist

Answer 1

1. Collect routine capillary and venous specimens for testing as requested.
2. Prepare specimen for transport, ensuring its stability.
3. Transport specimen to the laboratory.
4. Promote good public relations with hospital staff and patients.
5. Comply with new and revised procedures as described in the procedures manual.
6. Assist in collecting and documenting monthly workload and recording data.
7. Maintain safe working conditions.
8. Perform laboratory computer operations.
9. Participate in continuing education programs.
10. Perform other tasks assigned by supervisory personnel.

Question 2

Professionalism

Answer 2

an attitude & set of personal characteristics needed to succeed as a phlebotomist

Question 3

Characteristics imperative to Phlebotomist

Answer 3

A. Dependability
B. Honesty
C. Integrity
D. Empathy and compassion
E. Professional appearance
F. Interpersonal skills

Question 4

Ethical Behavior

Answer 4

entails conforming to a standard right & wrong to avoid harming the patient in any way

Question 5

Code of Ethics

Answer 5

Standards of right & wrong provide personal & professional rules of performance & moral behavior that are expected to be followed

Question 6

Healthcare settings

Answer 6

1. Physician office laboratories – can range from simple screening tests done in a single practice office or specialized testing done in large group practices.
2. Reference laboratories – These large independent laboratories perform routine and highly specialized tests that cannot be done in smaller ones. The phlebotomist may do either on-site or off-site collections.
3. Urgent care centers
4. Nursing home facilities
5. Wellness clinics

Question 7

Circulatory System

Answer 7

-it’s function is to deliver oxygen , nutrients, hormones & enzymes to the cell (exchange is done at the capillary level) & to transport cellular waste (CO2 & Urea) to the organs (lungs & kidneys) where they can be expelled from the body.
- it’s a transport system where blood is the vehicle, the blood vessels, tubes, & heart work as the pump

Question 8

Heart

Answer 8

heart acts as two pumps (left & right) connected by two circulations , with each pump equipped with two valves..the function of which is to maintain a one-way flow of blood.

Question 9

Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 9

this carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs (oxygenation takes place at the alveoli) and returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Question 10

Systemic Circulation

Answer 10

this carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle throughout the body.

Question 11

Each side of the heart (right & left) is composed of:

Answer 11

upper chamber (the atrium)
lower chamber (the ventricle)

Question 12

right side has two valves :

Answer 12

The tricuspid valve – this is an atrioventricular valve, being situated between the right atrium and right ventricle.
The pulmonic valve – a semi lunar valve situated between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

Question 13

Left side has two valves

Answer 13

The mitral valve (also known as the bicuspid valve) – this is another atrioventricular valve, being situated between the left atrium, and left ventricle.
The aortic valve – a semi lunar valve situated between the left ventricle and the aorta.

Question 14

Three layers of the heart

Answer 14

Endocardium - The endothelial inner layer lining of the heart.
Myocardium - The muscular middle layer. This is the contractile element of the heart.
Epicardium - The fibrous outer layer of the heart. The coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart, are found in this layer.

Question 15

Blood Vessels

Answer 15

aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venues, veins, superior & inferior vena cavae

Question 16

Blood vessel (expect for capillaries) are composed of 3 layers

Answer 16

The outer connective tissue layer is called the tunica adventitia.
The middle smooth muscle layer is called the tunica media.
The inner endothelial layer is called the tunica intima.

Question 17

Blood vessels

Answer 17

Aorta, Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins, Superior & Inferior vena cavae

Question 18

blood vessels (except capillaries) are composed of:

Answer 18

3 layers

Question 19

Outer connective tissue layer

Answer 19

Tunica adventitia

Question 20

Middle Smooth Muscle layer

Answer 20

Tunica Media

Question 21

Inner endothelial layer

Answer 21

tunica intima

Question 22

Aorta, Arteries, Arterioles carry

Answer 22

Oxygenated Blood from the heart to the various parts of the body while the venules, veins & superior & inferior vena carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 23

Capillaries

Answer 23

composed only of a layer of endothelial cells, they connect the arterioles & venules (such as capillary blood is a mixture of arterial & venous blood) & the thin walls allow rapid exchange of oxygen, co2 , nutrients, & waste products between the blood & tissue cells

Question 24

Blood

Answer 24

composed of a liquid portion called the plasma & a cellular portion called the formed elements

Question 25

Plasma

Answer 25

compromises 55% of the circulating blood & it contains proteins , amino acid, gases, electrolytes, sugars, hormones, minerals, vitamins & water 92%
(contains waste products ; urea tht are destined for excretion)