NHA CCMA review Flashcards
1
Q
Chief Complaint
A
The reason why the patient came to see the physician.
2
Q
History of Present Illness
A
Explanation of the CC to determine the onset of the illness.
3
Q
Past, family, and social history
A
Summary of personal and family health problems as well as social to include martial status, occupation, use of drugs, etc.
4
Q
Body Processes necessary for life
A
Body Temperature, Respiration, Heart Function
5
Q
Vitial Signs of body function
A
Temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure.
6
Q
Febrile
A
Presence of fever
7
Q
Afebrile
A
Absence of fever
8
Q
Intermittent fever
A
Fluctuating fever that returns to or below baseline
9
Q
Remittent fever
A
Fluctuating fever that remains elevated and does not return to baseline.
10
Q
Continuous fever
A
Fever that remains constant; does not fluctuate.
11
Q
Axillary temperature
A
Least accurate; taken under the arm
12
Q
Tympanic temperature
A
Useful for children; placed in the ear.
13
Q
Rectal temperature
A
Per rectum; most effective
14
Q
Normal adult pulse range
A
Between 60-100 bpm
15
Q
Apical pulse
A
Taken over the apex of the heart by auscultation.
16
Q
Normal respiration rate
A
12-20 per minute (Adults)
17
Q
Apnea
A
Temporary complete absence of breathing.
18
Q
Tachypnea
A
Respiration rate greater than 40 per minute.
19
Q
Bradypnea
A
Decrease in the number of respiration.
20
Q
Cheyne Stokes
A
Regular pattern of irregular breathing rate.
21
Q
Orthopnea
A
Decrease in numbers of respiration.
22
Q
Hypoventilation
A
Reduced amount of air enters the lungs resulting in decreased oxygen level.
23
Q
Hyperpnea
A
Abnormal increase in the the depth and rate of breathing.
24
Q
Hyperventilation
A
Increased amount of air entering the lungs.
25
Systole
The highest amount of pressure exerted during the cardiac cycle.
26
Diastole
The lowest amount of pressure exerted during the cardiac cycle.
27
Palpation
The sense of touch to determine the characteristics of an organ system.
28
Percussion
Tapping or striking the body to determine the position, size and density of the underlying organ/tissue.
29
Auscultation
Listening to sounds produced by internal organs.
30
Horizontal Recumbent Position
Patient lies on back with legs extended (used for most physical exams)
31
Dorsal Recumbent Position
Patient lies on back with knees flexed and soles of the feet flat on the bed.
32
Fowler’s Position
Semi/sitting position where back of the table is elevated.
33
Dorsal Lithotomy Position
Patient lies on back with knees flexed, legs separated and thighs are acutely flexed. Feet are usually in stirrups.
34
Prone position
Patients lies on abdomen with head turned to side.
35
Sim’s position
Patient lies on left side with right knee flexed against the abdomen and left knee slightly flexed.
36
Knee-chest position
Patient is on knees with chest resting on the bed and elbows resting on the bed above head.
37
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
38
External hemorrhage
Controlling the bleeding is most effectively accomplished by elevating the affected part above heart level.
39
Shock
Occurs when there is insufficient return of blood flow to the heart.
40
Orthopnea
Decrease in numbers of respiration
41
Hypoventilation
Reduced amount of air enters the lungs resulting in decreased oxygen level.
42
Hyperpnea
Abnormal increase in the depth and rate of breathing.
43
Hypoventilation
Increased amount of air entering the lungs.
44
Systole
The highest amount of pressure exerted during the cardiac cycle.
45
CPR
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
46
AMS
Agent, Modes of Transmission, Susceptible Hosts.
47
Agents
Infectious microorganisms that can be classified into groups; viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
48
Portal of Exit
The method by which an infectious agent leaves the reservoir.
49
5 modes of Transmission
Droplet, Airborne, Common Vehicle, Vector borne, Contact (direct or indirect)
50
Susceptible Host
Not Resistant or Immune
51
Medical Asepsis
The destruction of pathogenic microorganisms after they leave the body.
52
Body disinfection
Use of various chemicals that can be used to destroy many pathogenic microorganisms.
53
1:10 Solution
All readily available and least expensive disinfectant.
54
Surgical Asepsis
All microbial life, pathogens and non pathogens are destroyed before an invasive procedure.
55
Gas Sterilization
Often used for wheelchairs and hospital beds.
56
Dry Heat Sterilization
Requires higher temperature than steam sterilization but longer exposure times.
57
Chemical Sterilization
Use of the same chemical used for chemical disinfection.
58
Steam Sterilization (autoclave)
Uses steam under pressure to obtain high temperature of 250-254F with exposure of 20-40 min.
59
Handwashing
The most important means of preventing the spread of infection.
60
Personal Protective Equipment
Masks, goggles, face shields, respirators.
61
Isolation precautions
Method of infection control that assumes all human blood and other body fluids using PPE.
62
Transmission based precautions
The second tier of precautions are to be used when the patient is known or suspected of being contagious.
63
po
By mouth/orally.
64
pr
Per rectum
65
s1
Sublingual (under the tongue)
66
iv
Intravenous
67
im
Intramuscular
68
sq
Subcutaneous
69
qd
Everyday.
70
bid
Twice a day.
71
tid
Three times day.
72
qid
Four times a day.
73
pc
After meals/ not on empty stomach.
74
qhs
Each night
75
prn
As needed.
76
Heart location
In the thoracic cavity between the lungs just behind the sternum.
77
Upper chambers of the heart
Right and left atria (atrium-singular)
78
Lower chambers of the heart
Right and left ventricles.
79
Endocardium
Innermost layer of the heart.
80
Myocardium
Middle layer of the heart.
81
Epicardium
Outermost layer of the heart.
82
Pericardium
The sac in which the heart is contained.
83
Right Atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood returning to the heart via the superior vena cava.
84
Transmissions based precautions
The second tier of precautions are to be used when the patient is known or suspected of being contagious.
85
Right ventricle
Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium which it pumps to the lungs for oxygenation through the pulmonary artery.
86
Pulmonary arteries
The only arteries in the body that carry deoxygenated blood.
87
Left atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood returning from the lungs via the right and left pulmonary veins.
88
Pulmonary veins
The only vein in the body that carry oxygenated blood.
89
Left Ventricle
Receives the oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body through the aorta.
90
Aorta
The largest artery of the body.
91
Atrioventricular Valves (AV)
Tricuspid & Mitral Valve
92
Tricuspid Valve
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
93
Mitral Valve
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
94
Pulmonic Valve
Between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.
95
Aortic Valve
Between the left ventricle and aorta.
96
Murmurs
Caused by diseases of the valves or other structural abnormalities.
97
S1
First heart sound.
98
S2
Second heart sound.
99
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
100
ANS
Automatic Nervous System.
101
Sympathetic nervous system
Affect both the atria and ventricles by increasing the heart rate.
102
Parasympathetic nervous system
Affects only the atria by decreasing the heart rate.
103
Automaticity
The ability of the cardiac pacemaker cells to spontaneously initiate their own electrical impulse without being stimulated from another source.
104
Excitability
The ability of all cardiac cells to receive an electrical stimulus and transmit the stimulus to other cardiac cells.
105
Contractility
The ability of the cardiac cells to shorten and cause cardiac muscle contraction in response to an electrical stimulus.
106
Depolarization
Positive- Contracting
107
Repolarization
Negative- Relaxation
108
SA Node
Primary pacemaker of the heart and has a normal firing rate of 60-100 bpm.
109
LEAD I
Left arm is positive, Right Arm is negative.
110
LEAD II
Left leg is positive, right arm is negative.
111
LEAD III
Left leg is positive, Left arm is negative.
112
LEAD aVR
Right arm is positive and the other limbs are negative.
113
LEAD aVL
Left arm is positive and the other limbs are negative.
114
LEAD aVF
Left leg/foot is positive and the other limbs are negative.
115
V1
4th intercostal space, right sternal border.
116
V2
4th intercostal space, left sternal border.
117
V3
Between v2 and v4.
118
V4
5th intercostal space, anterior axillary line.
119
V5
5th intercostal space, anterior axillary line.
120
V6
5th intercostal space, midaxillary line.
121
Horizontal axis
Represents time: 1mm
122
Vertical axis
Measured in millivolts
123
Running speed
25mm/sec
124
Waveform
Refers to movement away from the isoelectric line.
125
Segment
Line between two waveforms.
126
Interval
Waveform plus a segment
127
Complex
Several waveforms
128
P WAVE
Deflection produced by atrial depolarization.
129
QRS COMPLEX
Represents ventricular depolarization (activation)
130
Q WAVE
Initial negative deflection
131
R WAVE
First positive deflection
132
S WAVE
First negative deflection
133
T WAVE
Deflection produced by ventricular depolarizations.
134
Wandering Baseline
Causes the baseline of the tracing to move up and down; due to interference with the signal.
135
Stress Test
Noninvasive diagnostic procedure to determine the presence and severity of coronary artery disease.
136
Ischemia
Decrease in the amount of blood flow.
137
Holter monitor
Contains 5 electrodes attached to the patients trunk.
138
Code of ethics
Standards of right and wrong.
139
Blood vessels
Aorta, arteries, capillaries, venules, veins, superior and inferior vena cava.
140
Tunica adventitia
Outer connective tissue.
141
Tunica media
Middle smooth layer.
142
Tunica intima
Inner endothelial layer
143
Average blood amount for adults
5-6 liters.
144
Plasma
Liquid portion of blood.
145
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
146
Waveform
Refers to movement away from the isoelectric line.
147
Leukocytes
White blood cells
148
120 days
Normal life span is an RBC
149
Leukocytes function
Protects against infection.
150
Thrombocytes- Platelets
Small irregularly shaped packets of cytoplasm.
151
Hemostasis
Process by which blood vessels are repaired after injury.
152
Vascular Phase
Stage 1 of hemostasis.
153
Platelet Phase
Stage 2 of hemostasis.
154
Coagulation phase
Stage 3 of hemostasis.
155
Fibrinolysis
Stage 4 of hemostasis.
156
Antecubital fossa
Preferred site for venipuncture.
157
Cephalic vein
Second choice vein for venipuncture.
158
Basilic vein
Third choice vein venipuncture.
159
Winged infusion sets
Used for pediatric and elderly patients.
160
Fasting specimen
Require patient to abstain from eating for at least 12 hours.
161
Edema
The accumulation of fluid in the tissues.
162
Fistula
The permanent surgical connection between the artery and vein.
163
Yellow Top Tube
Blood cultures (1st)
164
Light Blue Top Tube
Sodium (2nd)
165
Red or Tiger Striped Tube
Serum/ non-additive tubes (3rd)
166
Green Top Tube
Heparin (4th)
167
Lavender Top Tube
EDTA (5th)
168
Gray Top Tube
Glucose (6th)
169
Hematoma
Blood accumulation in the tissue surrounding the vein.
170
Hemoconcentration
Results of tourniquet being left on too long.
171
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein.
172
Petechiae
Tiny non-raised red spots due to the tourniquet being left on too long.
173
Thrombus
Blood clot
174
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of being with formation of clot.
175
Two- hour postprandial test
Used to evaluate diabetes mellitus.
176
Oral glucose tolerance test
Used to diagnose diabetes mellitus.
177
PKU
Test ordered for infants to detect phenylketonuria.
178
Blood cultures
Ordered to detect presence of microorganisms in the patients blood.
179
Chilled specimens
Ammonia, lactic acid, gastrin, acth.
180
Light sensitive specimens
Bilirubin, beta-carotene, vitamin A and b6.
181
Dermal puncture site for infants
Middle of the fourth and fifth toes of the heel.
182
Dermal puncture site of adults
Third or fourth finger of the non dominant hand.
183
1st draw for capillary
Lavender tube.
184
2nd draw for capillary
Tubes with additives
185
3rd draw for capillary
Tubes without additives
186
Bacteriology
Study of bacteria
187
Parasitology
Study of parasites.
188
Mycology
Study of fungi
189
Virology
Study of viruses
190
Meter
Basic unit of length
191
Liter
Basic unit of capacity or volume.
192
Gram
Basic unit of weight or mass.
193
Kilo
One-thousand
194
Deci
One-tenth
195
Centi
One-hundredth
196
Milli
One-thousandth
197
Micro
One millionth
198
Nano
One billionth
199
Components of the urinary system
Two kidneys, two ureters, urinary bladder, and a urethra.
200
First morning sample
Most commonly used for routine urinalysis
201
Mid- stream specimen
Collected not at the beginning or end of voiding but in the middle of urination.
202
Clean catch specimen
Requires special cleaning of the external genitalia.
203
Urine output avg
1200-1500ml every 24 hours
204
Examination of urine
Physical, chemical and microscopic.
205
Glucose
Sugar typically found in urine.
206
Duty
Duty of care.
207
Derelict
Breach of duty of care
208
Direct cause
Legally recognizable injury.
209
Damage
Wrongful activity must have caused the injury.
210
Tort
Wrongful act that results in injury to one person by another.
211
Good Samaritan Law
Rendering of first aid by health care providers professionals at the scene of an accident or sudden injury.
