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NGC1 Flashcards

NEBOSH GC1

1
Q

Identify types of emergency in the workplace for which persons may need to be evacuated. (4)

A

Fire / Explosion
Chemical spillage / gas leak / radiation release / escape of hazardous substances
Natural disaster / flood / severe weather
Bomb threat / terrorist threat
Intruder alert / security alert
Dangerous occurrence / accident / infectious disease

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2
Q

Outline why it is important to have emergency procedures in order to evacuate persons from the workplace. (4)

A

Satisfy statutory requirement
To protect employees / to protect others / to protect the environment
To help reduce the severity of an event / to mitigate the consequences of an event
To help employees know how to respond in an emergency / to help others know how to respond in an emergency
To satisfy third party requirements / to satisfy insurance requirements / to satisfy shareholder requirements / to satisfy trade union requirements

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3
Q

Outline the possible content of a workplace emergency procedure. (12)

A

Plan of the site / escape routes / location of assembly point / emergency lighting
How evacuation is to be carried out / venerable persons / disabled persons
Location of control rooms / location of firefighting equipment / location of refuges / location of emergency lifts
Visitor control / signing in and out
Location of alarm points / how to raise alarm
Duties of those who hold responsibility / identify of those who hold responsibility
How to contact emergency services
Procedures to check premises empty
Communication on site / communication off site / communication with neighbours if affected
Location of high risk areas / location of process / location of chemical storage on site
Any specialist equipment needed / spillage kits
Information requirements / instruction requirements / training requirements
Practice drills / testing procedures / reviewing procedures
Procedures for meeting the fire and rescue service / notifying fire and rescue service of special risk
Maintenance of emergency facilities
Contingency plans for when life safety systems fail / warning systems
Emergency plan shutdown / making processes safe

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4
Q

Identify documents that are likely to be examined during a health and safety audit. (8)

A

Health and safety policy
Risk assessments
SSOWs / PTWs / method statements
Statutory records / statutory statements
Reactive monitoring documentation
Active monitoring documentation
Maintenance procedures / maintenance records
Approved list of contractors / approved list of suppliers
Health surveillance statistics / health surveillance summaries
Environmental monitoring records
Minutes of meetings
Training records
Emergency procedures / related documentation
Enforcement documentation / written advice from enforcement authority
Insurance documentation

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5
Q

Outline the benefits on communicating health and safety information by using:

Toolbox talks. (4)

A

Useful for short updates / useful for urgent messages
Allows feedback to be given / allows two way discussion
Can respond to changing issues in the workplace
Enables high numbers of people to be briefed at the same time
Does not need any technological aids
Easy to amend / easy to update / easy to adapt
Conducted in immediate workplace

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6
Q

Outline the purpose and legal status of:

Health and safety regulations. (4)

A

Health and safety Regulations are statutory duties / health and safety Regulations are legal requirements
Breach can lead to prosecution
Regulations are made by the HSE / Regulations are approved by parliament
Enforcement notice can be issued for contraventions
To implement EU Directives
To protect employees
To facilitate change

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7
Q

Outline ways in which senior management can demonstrate commitment to health and safety in the workplace. (8)

A

Involvement in establishing health and safety policy / involvement in implementing health and safety policy / signature on health and safety policy
Observance of safety rules / leading by example
Establishing effective management structures / defining roles and responsibilities
Appointing member of senior management with specific responsibilities for health and safety
Appointing competent persons / appointing specialist help where applicable
Integrating safety management and business decisions
Appropriate board level review / participation in health and safety performance
Creating an environment for continuous improvement / reviewing health and safety performance
Participation in monitoring / participation inspections / participation in audits / participation in safety tours / participation in investigations
Provision of resources / provision of equipment / provision of materials / provision of training
Establish effective communication systems / consultation with the workforce
Involvement in safety committees / involvement in safety meetings
Prompt implementation of recommendations from monitoring reports / prompt implementation of recommendations from investigation reports
Engagement and management of contractors

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8
Q

(a) Outline why an organisation would carry out a health and safety inspection. (3)
(b) Outline the benefits of using a checklist to carry out a health and safety inspection. (5)

A

(a)
Identify unsafe acts / identify unsafe conditions
Identify remedial actions / identify further improvements
Ensure general legal compliance / ensure organisational standards are met
Listen to employees’ concerns / consult with employees
Report to management on health and safety statistics

(b)
Enables inspection to be structured / enables inspection to be systematic
Reduces chances of important areas being missed
Provides immediate record of findings
Can be easily adapted for different areas
Can assist consistency across different inspectors
Provides evidence for audits
Easier to compare / easier to identify trends
Provides foundation for inspection report

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9
Q

Outline circumstances that may require a health and safety policy to be reviewed. (8)

A

Change of management structure / change of key personnel / organisational change
Change of premises
Process change
Technological change
Change of legislation / change of guidance
Results of active monitoring / results of reactive monitoring
Following consultation
Requested by a third party / requested by insurers
After a period of time / scheduled review
Change of work patterns

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10
Q

(a) Give the meaning of the term ‘health and safety culture’.
(b) Outline how an employee’s peers can have a positive influence on an organisation’s health and safety culture.

A

(a)
Product of individuals and group values / attitudes / perceptions / competences / patterns of behaviour

That determine the commitment to / style and proficiency of any organisation’s health and safety management

(b)
Contribute good ideas / contribute suggestions to improve health and safety
Co-operating with the employer
Compliance with SSOW / compliance with PTW / compliance with procedures
Participation in training / participation in risk assessment / participation in inspections
Adhering to control measures / wearing PPE
Lead by example
Participation in consultation
Intervening in unsafe situations / intervening in unsafe acts
Report incidents / report accidents

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11
Q

Outline why an organisation should investigate a workplace accident. (8)

A 
Determine causes
Prevent a recurrence
Determine economic loss
Identify weaknesses in health and safety procedures
Identify legal breaches
Make improvements
Demonstrate management commitment
Improve workforce morale / improve workplace culture
Internal disciplinary reasons
Collect data / identify trends
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12
Q

Give the meaning of ‘reasonably practicable’. (2)

A

Balance of risk against sacrifice in time, money, trouble
Do not need to take action if it would be grossly disproportionate to the level of risk
If risk and cost in balance then duty achieved

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13
Q

Identify information that could be considered when reviewing an organisation’s health and safety performance. (8)

A

Evaluations of compliance with legal requirements / compliance with organisational requirements
Objectives met
Reactive monitoring data
Corrective actions / preventive actions
Absence data / sickness data
Active monitoring data
Results of consultation / issues raised by employees / issues raised by representatives
External communications / external complaints
Quality assurance reports
Actions from previous management reviews
Legal developments / good practice developments

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14
Q

An accident has been attributed to the failure of an employer to implement an appropriate permit-to-work system.

Identify the key elements of a permit-to-work system. (6)

A

Duration of permit (start and end time)
Description of task (plant involved, hazards, etc)
Isolations made (electrical, mechanical, use of multiple hasps / padlocks)
Further precautions required (use of breathing apparatus, monitoring)
Issued by authorised person (signed) / reference
Acceptance by competent person (work completed, materials, equipment and people removed)
Cancellation by authorised person (plant safe to switch back on, isolations removed)

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15
Q

An accident has been attributed to the failure of an employer to implement an appropriate permit-to-work system.

Outline four types of work situation that might require a permit-to-work system, giving reasons in each case for the requirement (8)

A

Entry into confined spaces (identify hazards, monitoring, access / egress)
Hot work (control ignition sources)
Specialist maintenance (dangerous machinery)
Working on live electrical equipment / high voltage electrical work (Isolation)
Lone worker / contractor control (communication)
Excavation work (detection)
Working at height (fall arrest strategy)

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16
Q

An accident has been attributed to the failure of an employer to implement an appropriate permit-to-work system.

Describe the actions that an enforcing authority could take in this situation. (6)

A

Improvement notice - when there is a breach of statutory duty / improve safety within a given time
Prohibition notice - where there is a risk of serious injury / prohibition on use of equipment or process until safety notice improvements are made
Prosecution - in a magistrates’ or crown court / for breaches of health and safety legislation
Verbal / written advice

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17
Q

In relation to monitoring health and safety performance identify:

Four active monitoring methods. (4)

A 
Safety inspections
Safety audits
Safety sampling
Safety surveys
Environmental monitoring
Health surveillance
Behavioural observation
Benchmarking (with similar industries)
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18
Q

In relation to monitoring health and safety performance identify:

Four reactive monitoring methods. (4)

A 
Accident statistics
Ill health reports / employee complaints
Near miss / dangerous occurrence reports
Property damage
Enforcement action
Number of civil claims
Lost time / absence
Accident costs
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19
Q

Outline the purpose and legal status of:

Health and Safety Executive (HSE) approved codes of practice. (4)

A

ACOPs support Regulations / ACOPs interpret Regulations / ACOPs give further Information on Regulations
ACOPs provide practical advice on how to comply with the regulations
Can be used as evidence in court
Have a special legal status
Must follow an ACOP or show compliance with the law in some way
If not followed, a court will find the accused at fault, if not followed a court will find the accused at breach of duty

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20
Q

Outline the duties of employers to their employees under section 2 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HSWA). (6)

A

General duty to ensure the health, safety and welfare
Provision and maintenance of plant / provision of SSOW
Safe use of substances and articles / safe handling of substances and articles / safe storage of substances and articles / safe transport of substances and articles
Provision of information / provision of instruction / provision of training / provision of supervision
Safe workplace / safe access and egress
Safe and healthy working environment / adequate welfare facilities
Prepare health and safety policy
Consult with safety representatives
To form safety committee

21
Q

Identify why it is important to use a variety of methods to communicate health and safety information in the workplace. (8)

A

Some methods statutory (Information for Employees Regulations 1989)
Language barriers
Individual respond differently to different stimuli
Disability / impairment
Reinforcement of message
Feedback may be required
Over familiarisation with one method (eg posters)
To gain involvement and motivate / stimulate interest
Some individuals unable to read
Different types of information require different methods (eg emergency posters)
Some methods more effective for message
Environmental factors
Access to information by different groups of workers

22
Q

With respect to the management of risk within the workplace:

(a) outline the meaning of the term ‘hierarchy of control’; (2)
(b) outline, with examples, the standard hierarchy that should be applied to control health and safety risks in the workplace. (6)

A

(a)
A list of measures designed to control risks that are considered in order of importance / effectiveness / priority

(b)
Eliminate risk by designing out / changing process
Reduce risk by substitution (110v for 240v or changing work methods)
Isolation (enclosures, barriers / segregation of workers)
Engineering controls (SSW / training / supervision / job rotation)
Provision of PPE (ear defenders / RPE)
Discipline / enforcement

23
Q

With respect to the management of risk within the workplace:

(a) outline the meaning of the term ‘hierarchy of control’; (2)
(b) outline, with examples, the standard hierarchy that should be applied to control health and safety risks in the workplace. (6)

A

(a) A list of measures designed to control risks that are considered in order of importance / effectiveness / priority

(b) Eliminate risk by designing out / changing process
Reduce risk by substitution (110v for 240v or changing work methods)
Isolation (enclosures, barriers / segregation of workers)
Engineering controls (SSW / training / supervision / job rotation)
Provision of PPE (ear defenders / RPE)
Discipline / enforcement

24
Q

Explain, using a relevant example, the circumstances under which a health and safety inspector may serve an improvement notice. (2)

A

When, in the inspectors opinion, there is a breach of relevant statutory provisions or where there has been a breach which is likely to be continued or repeated.
No risk assessment, but five or more employees.

25
Q

Identify the time period within which an appeal may be lodged against an improvement notice and identify the effect the appeal will have on the notice. (2)

A

The appeal must be lodged within 21 days from the date the notice was served.
The Employment Tribunal can extend the limit on application.
The notice is suspended until the appeal is heard.

26
Q

Identify the penalties for contravening the requirements of an improvement notice when heard both summarily and on indictment. (4)

A

Summarily
Unlimited fine and up to 6 months imprisonment.
On indictment
Unlimited fine and up to 2 years imprisonment.

27
Q

Outline the factors that might cause the health and safety culture of an organisation to decline. (8)

A

No effective communication
Blame culture creeping in
Lack of leadership and commitment from the top
Health and safety not given same priority as other objectives (production)
Policy statement not supported by adequate safety standards
No ownership of health and safety / no clearly defined responsibility
Unrealistic and unachievable targets
Lack of monitoring / suggested remedies / actions not implemented
Lack of consultation / involvement
Lack of training / competence
Poor working environment / welfare facilities / lack of maintenance
High turnover of employees
External influences / downturn in economy / job insecurity

28
Q

Outline the purpose and general content of the three main sections of a health and safety policy. (6)

A

Statement of intent
Demonstrates management’s commitment to health and safety / to set goals or objectives
The organisation
To identify health and safety responsibilities within the company / to ensure effective delegating and reporting
The arrangements
To ensure arrangements are in place to assist in policy implementation by detailing systems and procedures

29
Q

Explain why the health and safety policy should be signed by the most senior person in the organisation, such as Managing Director or Chief Executive. (2)

A

To demonstrate commitment from the top / management ownership
To give authority to the policy
He / she is the person with ultimate responsibility for health and safety within the organisation
To show the policy is up to date and reviewed

30
Q

Give, using an example, the meaning of the term ‘risk’. (3)

A

The probability / likelihood that an unwanted event will occur.
Possible severity in terms of injury / damage should it occur
Reduce risk by substitution (110v for 240v or changing work methods)

31
Q

Identify the key stages of a workplace risk assessment. (5)

A

Identify hazards
Identify persons at risk of harm
Evaluate risks arising from hazards / review existing precautions
Description of suitable means to eliminate / control the risks
Record findings
Review on a timescale / revise

32
Q

Outline initial actions that should be taken following a major accident at work. (8)

A 
Isolate services / make area safe
Administer first aid treatment
Contact emergency services
Inform next of kin
Notify ICC by quickest practicable means
Secure scene of accident (barriers)
Collect initial evidence (photographs, names of witnesses)
Inform safety representative / notify management 
Set up investigation
Complete internal accident form
Arrange staff support
33
Q

In relation to health and safety, outline the role of the following:
Employment tribunals. (4)

A

Hear appeals against improvement notices
Hear appeals against prohibition notices
Hear appeals on behalf of trade union safety reps
Hears appeals by ROES
Unfair dismissal on grounds of H&S
Individual claims for detrimental treatment on the grounds of H&S
Allow appeals / compensation awarded

34
Q

In relation to health and safety, outline the role of the following:
Criminal courts. (4)

A 
Hear cases on breaches of HASAWA / regulations
Impose penalties if guilty verdict
Ability to fine
Can impose prison sentence on individuals
Determine guilt
Provide hierarchy for appeals
Regulates H&S standards set by state
Decide on commit to trial
35
Q

Define the term ‘Negligence’ (2)

A

Negligence is a civil wrong (delict/tort) involving unreasonable, careless conduct or a breach of common law duty of care resulting in loss, damage or injury.

36
Q

Outline the three standard conditions that must be met for an employee to prove a case of alleged negligence against an employer. (6)

A

A duty of care was owed by the employer
There was a breach of that duty
The breach led directly to the loss, injury or damage

37
Q

Outline the powers given to health and safety inspectors under The Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 (8)

A

Gain access, without a warrant, to a workplace at any reasonable time.
Employ police to assist them, where necessary.
Take equipment, etc on to premises to assist in investigations.
Carry out examinations and investigations as deemed necessary.
Direct that locations remain undisturbed for as long as he/she deems necessary.
Take measurements, photographs and samples.
Take statements; remove certain records and documents.
Require facilities to assist with enquiries.
Issue improvement or prohibition notices
Instigate criminal proceeding against individuals or corporate bodies for breaches of criminal law
Do anything else necessary to enable his/her duty to be carried out.

38
Q

Explain giving an example in each case the circumstance under which a health and safety inspector may serve;
(a) An improvement notice (3)

(b) A prohibition notice (3)
(c) State the effect on each type of enforcement notice of appealing against it. (2)

A

(a) Improvement notices are issued when an inspector believes a statutory duty is being, or likely to be breach.
For example carrying out work which may have significant risks associated with it and which no risk assessment has been made.

(b) Prohibition notices are issued when the inspector considers there is imminent danger.
For example, working with a crane in close proximity to high voltage power lines with no specific safety arrangements.

(c) An appeal against an improvement notice would mean the notice is set aside until the appeal is heard. In the case of an appeal against a prohibition notice the notice will stand until the appeal is heard.

39
Q

Outline the difference between civil law and criminal law. (8)

A

Civil law provides remedies
Burden of proof in civil law is on the balance of probability
In civil law the parties involved are two civil bodies (individuals or corporate bodies)
Source of law in civil law is by judicial precedent

Criminal law punishes
Burden of proof is beyond all reasonable doubt
In criminal cases it is the state and an individual or corporate body.
Source of law with criminal law generally written in statutes

40
Q

Outline with an example of each the difference between a HSC approved codes of practice and a HSE guidance note. (8)

A

An ACOP is a practice approved by the HSE with the consent of the Secretary of State and is a recognised interpretation of how an employer may comply with their associated legislation.
Although failure to comply is not in itself an offence, the failure may be cited in court in criminal proceedings.
Employers would need to show the met the requirements of the ACOP or show they complied with an equal or better standard.
An example is the ACOP to the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
Guidance is issued by the HSE with the intentions of giving advice on good practice Guidance is normally more practically based than ACOP’s and has no legal standing in a court of law.
Examples include those issued on manual handling or Display screen equipment

41
Q

Explain with examples the meaning of the follow terms:
(a) ‘Hazard’ (2)

(b) Risk (3)
(c) ‘So far as is reasonably practicable’ (3)

A

(a) Hazard - Something with the inherent ability to cause harm
(b) Risk- The degree of exposure to the harm x the potential harm factor
(c) So far as is reasonably practicable - Assessing risk i.e. the potential harm against sacrifice i.e. the cost in terms of money loss of production or other costs

42
Q

Accident

A

An undesired circumstance which results in injury or ill-health, or damage to property, plant, products or the environment.

43
Q

Incident

A

An undesired circumstance or near miss which could have caused an accident.

44
Q

Near miss

A

An unplanned incident which did not cause injury or damage but had the potential to do so.

45
Q

Hazard

A

Any procedure, place, person or system of work with the potential to cause harm to people, the environment, property or business.
o Flammable liquids are hazardous as they catch fire if not properly stored / handled.

46
Q

Risk

A

The likelihood or probability that an unwanted event will occur multiplied by the severity / consequence in terms of injury or damage should it occur.
o Flammable liquids will present significant risk of injury if not handled / stored / used / transported safely.

47
Q

Direct costs

A

o Compensation pay outs (Excess claims no insurance and public liability insurance)
o Insurance premiums increase.
o Damage to buildings, equipment or vehicles.
o Attributed production and/or business loss.
o Absence of employees due to the incident.
o Fines, court costs and legal representation.
o Sick pay attributed to the incident.

48
Q

Indirect costs

A

o Cumulative business loss.
o Loss of goodwill and reputational damage.
o Lower employee morale.
o Penalty clauses having missed a deadline.
o Production delays.
o Retaining and recruiting staff.

NGC1 (1 decks)

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