Nfs P2 Flashcards
What are proteins of high biological value
Complete proteins that supply the body with all essential amino acids
Examples of high biological value proteins
Beef and soya beans
What are proteins of low biological value
Incomplete proteins that lack one or more essential amino acids
What are complimentary proteins
Formed by combining two or more low biological value proteins so the body obtains all the essential amino acids to carry out body functions
Examples of complimentary proteins
Dhal with rice
Baked beans on bread
Examples of low biological value proteins
Dhal and almonds
Elements of proteins
CHON
Functions of proteins (7)
Growth and repair
Formation of enzymes
Providing structure
Transportations of nutrients, gases and wastes
Immunity
Energy reserve
Body movements
What are the two simple carbohydrates
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
What is the complex carbohydrate
Polysaccharide
What is monosaccharide
Simple unit of carbohydrate
Fructose, galactose and glucose
What is disaccharide
Consists of two units of monosaccharide bonded together
Lactose, Maltose and sucrose
Examples of simple carbohydrates
sweet drinks and sweet pastries
What is polysaccharide
Consists of 10 or more units of monosaccharide bonded together
Pectin Starch and Cellulose
Elements of carbohydrates
CHO
Functions of carbohydrates
Main source of energy
Aids with digestion
What are saturated fats
Consists of mostly saturated fatty acids
Does not contain any double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain
Cannot take in anymore hydrogen atoms
Solid at room temperature
Increases heart diseases
Examples of saturated fats
Butter and lard
What are unsaturated fats
Contain mostly unsaturated fatty acids
Two types are monounsaturated and polyunsaturated
What is monounsaturated fats
Consists mostly of monounsaturated fatty acids
Contain one double bond within the hydrocarbon chain
Can take in two hydrogen atoms
Liquid at room temperature
Examples of monounsaturated fats
Avocados and almonds
What are polyunsaturated fats
Consists of mostly polyunsaturated fatty acids
Contain two or more double bond in the hydrocarbon chain
Can take in four or more hydrogen atoms
Beneficial for health
Liquid at room temperature
Examples of polyunsaturated fats
Sunflower seeds and salmon
What is trans fats
Contain mostly of trans fatty acids that that was processed during the hydrogenation of vegetable oils
Increases heart diseases
What is hydrogenation
Industrial process in which liquid oils are converted into solid fats
Makes margarine and vegetable shortening
Unsaturated fatty acids become more saturated
Function of fats
Rich source of energy
Insulation
Storage for fat-soluble vitamins
Protection of vital organs
What are the fat soluble vitamins
ADEK
Function of Vitamin A
- Formation of visual purple, a pigment in the retina of the eye to see in dim light
- Essential for production and and maintenance of tissue lining protecting organs
- Strengthens body immunity against infections as its needed for the production of white blood cells
- Acts as an antioxidant to protect body cells from free radicals
Function of Vitamin D
Ensures calcium absorption
Function of Vitamin E
Acts as an antioxidant to protect body cells from free radicals
Function of vitamin K
- Important for the body to produce enzyme that is involved in blood clotting
- Important for bone health
Source of fat soluble vitamin
Egg yolk
Water soluble vitamins
B1.B2,B3,B12 and C
Function of Vitamin B1
- Helps with energy production in the body
- Essential for normal function nervous system for producing chemical to transmit nerve signals
Function of Vitamin B2
-Helps with energy production in the body
- Helps to maintain good skin health due to its anti inflammatory properties
Function of B3
- Helps with energy production in the body
Function of B12
- Helps with energy production in the body
- Activates enzymes for synthesis of genetic material in the body
- Essential for normal functioning nervous system that protect nerve fibres
Vitamin C
- Enhances iron absorption
-Strengthen collagen
-Acts as an antioxidant to protect body cells from free radicals
-Needed for the support of immune system by encouraging production of white blood cells
Source of B group
Liver
Source of Vitamin C
Guava
What are the functions of water
- Regulates the body temperature by helping the body lose heat through perspiration
- Essential chemical reaction as water soluble nutrients need to be dissolved in water so they can undergo chemical reactions
- Transportation of nutrients and gases as water is a major component of blood
- Removal of wastes
- Lubrication of body parts as fluids in the body are made up of mostly water
Food sources of water
Watermelon and cucumber
Factors affecting water intake
- State of health, Higher intake of water is needed when a person has fever, vomiting or diarrhoea as they cause large amounts of water to be lost
- Diet, Higher intake of water when diet high in diuretics, dietary fibre and sodium
Environment, Higher intake of water needed when environment is bot as the body tends to loose more water - Level of physical activity, increase water intake as body produces more heat when performing strenuous
Function of Dietary Fibre
- Lowers blood cholesterol level by binding to cholesterol and excrete it
- Increase satiety as it stays in the stomach longer
- Slows down glucose absorption by delaying digestion of nutrients
- Removes waste by attracting water, forming bulky and soft stools
Food source of dietary fibre
Carrot and apple
