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Chemistry key terms > N.F. Module 4 - pick up pg256 > Flashcards

N.F. Module 4 - pick up pg256 Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

A compound made of hydrogen and carbon only

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2
Q

saturated

A

containing single bonds only

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3
Q

unsaturated

A

containing a multiple carbon-carbon bond

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4
Q

homologous series

A

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH₂

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5
Q

alkanes

A

The hydrocarbon homologous series with single carbon carbon-carbon bonds and the general formula CnH₂n₊₂

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6
Q

functional group

A

The part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions

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7
Q

molecule

A

The smallest part of a covalent compound that can exist while retaining its chemical identity, consisting of 2 or more atoms covalently bonded together.

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8
Q

alcohol

A

A homologous series with a functional group of OH and a general formula of CnH₂n₊₁OH

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9
Q

aliphatic

A

Containg carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains

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10
Q

alicyclic

A

Containing carbon atoms joined together in a ring that is not aromatic

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11
Q

aromatic

A

Containing one or more benzene rings.

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12
Q

alkenes

A

The hydrocarbon homologous series with at least one double carbon-carbon bond and the general formula CnH₂n

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13
Q

alkynes

A

The hydrocarbon homologous series with one triple carbon-carbon bonds and the general formula CnH₂n₋₂

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14
Q

alkyl group

A

A side chain formed by removing a hydrogen atom removed from an alkane parent chain.

eg. CH₃, C₂H₅ - any alkyl group is often shown as R

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15
Q

aldehydes

A
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16
Q

molecular formula

A

A formula that shows the number and type of atoms of each element present in a molecule

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17
Q

empirical formula

A

The formula that shows the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

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18
Q

general formula

A

The simplest algebraic formula of a member if a homologous series.

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19
Q

carboxylic acids

A
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20
Q

ketones

A
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21
Q

compound

A
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22
Q

structural isomer

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but with different structural formulae

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23
Q

homolytic fission

A

The breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom, forming two radicals

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24
Q

heterolytic fission

A

The breaking of a covalent bond with both of the bonded electrons going to each atom, forming a cation and an anion.

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25
Q

radical

A

A species with an unpaired electron

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26
Q

stoichiometry

A

The ratio of the amount, in moles, of each substance in a chemical equation

essentially the ratio of the balencing numbers)

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27
Q

curly arrows

A
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28
Q

sigma bond (𝛔-bond)

A

A bond formed by the overlap of one orbital from each bonding atom, consisting of two electrons and with the electron density centred around a line directly between the nuclei of the two atoms

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29
Q

orbitals

A
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30
Q

fractional distillation

A

The seperation of components in a liquid mixture by their different boiling points into fractions with different compositions

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31
Q

London forces

A
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32
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

A strong dipole-dipole attraction between an electron-deficient hydrogen atom of -NH, -OH or HF on one molecule and a lone pair of electrons on a highly electronegative atom containing N, O, or F on a different molecule.

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33
Q

reagents

A
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34
Q

electronegativity

A
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35
Q

combustion

complete and incomplete

A
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36
Q

global warming

A
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37
Q

radical substitution

A
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38
Q

initiation

in the context of alkane mechanisms

A
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39
Q

propagation

in the context of alkane mechanisms

A
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40
Q

termination

in the context of alkanes

A
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41
Q

chain reaction

in the context of alkane mechanisms

A
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42
Q

cyclic alkenes

A
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43
Q

Pi bond (𝝅-bond)

A
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44
Q

stereoisomers

A
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45
Q

E/Z isomerism

A
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46
Q

E isomer

A
47
Q

Z isomer

A
48
Q

cis/ trans isomerism

A
49
Q

cis isomer

A
50
Q

trans isomer

A
51
Q

optical ismerism

A
52
Q

Cahn-Ingold-Prelog

A
53
Q

addition reaction

A
54
Q

electrophile

A
55
Q

carbocation

A
56
Q

polar molecule

A
57
Q

non-polar molecule

A
58
Q

primary carbocation

markownikoff’s rule

A
59
Q

secondary carbocation

Markownikoff’s rule

A
60
Q

tertiary carbocation

Markownikoff’s rule

A
61
Q

polymers

A
62
Q

addition polymerisation

A
63
Q

monomer

A
64
Q

synthetic polymers

A
65
Q

recycling

A
66
Q

organic feedstock recycling

A
67
Q

bioplastics

A
68
Q

biodegradable

A
69
Q

photodegradable

A
70
Q

chemical feedstock

A
71
Q

hydroxyl group

A
72
Q

volatile

A
73
Q

primary alcohols

A
74
Q

secondary alcohols

A
75
Q

tertiary alcohols

A
76
Q

oxidation

A
77
Q

hydrogenation

A
78
Q

exothermic

A
79
Q

endothermic

A
80
Q

distilled

A
81
Q

dehydration

A
82
Q

reflux

A
83
Q

hydrolysis

A
84
Q

idoalkanes

A
85
Q

hydrolyse

A
86
Q

bromoalkanes

A
87
Q

chloroalkanes

A
88
Q

fluoroalkanes

A
89
Q

nucleophile

A
90
Q

primary haloalkanes

A
91
Q

secondary haloalkanes

A
92
Q

tertiary haloalkanes

A
93
Q

organohalogens

A
94
Q

ozone layer

A
95
Q

stratosphere

A
96
Q

redistillation

A
97
Q

ester

A
98
Q

acyl chloride

A
99
Q

nitrile

A
100
Q

target molecules

A
101
Q

synthesis

A
102
Q

mass spectrometry

A
103
Q

molecular ion

A
104
Q

mass spectrometer

A
105
Q

fragmentation

A
106
Q

fragment ions

A
107
Q

wavenumber

A
108
Q

greenhouse gases

A
109
Q

infrared spectroscopy

A
110
Q

fingerprint region

A
111
Q

arenes

A
112
Q

amides

A
113
Q

phenols

A
114
Q

elemental analysis

A

Chemistry key terms (4 decks)

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