N.F. Module 4 - pick up pg256 Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

A compound made of hydrogen and carbon only

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2
Q

saturated

A

containing single bonds only

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3
Q

unsaturated

A

containing a multiple carbon-carbon bond

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4
Q

homologous series

A

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH₂

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5
Q

alkanes

A

The hydrocarbon homologous series with single carbon carbon-carbon bonds and the general formula CnH₂n₊₂

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6
Q

functional group

A

The part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions

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7
Q

molecule

A

The smallest part of a covalent compound that can exist while retaining its chemical identity, consisting of 2 or more atoms covalently bonded together.

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8
Q

alcohol

A

A homologous series with a functional group of OH and a general formula of CnH₂n₊₁OH

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9
Q

aliphatic

A

Containg carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains

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10
Q

alicyclic

A

Containing carbon atoms joined together in a ring that is not aromatic

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11
Q

aromatic

A

Containing one or more benzene rings.

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12
Q

alkenes

A

The hydrocarbon homologous series with at least one double carbon-carbon bond and the general formula CnH₂n

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13
Q

alkynes

A

The hydrocarbon homologous series with one triple carbon-carbon bonds and the general formula CnH₂n₋₂

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14
Q

alkyl group

A

A side chain formed by removing a hydrogen atom removed from an alkane parent chain.

eg. CH₃, C₂H₅ - any alkyl group is often shown as R

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15
Q

aldehydes

A
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16
Q

molecular formula

A

A formula that shows the number and type of atoms of each element present in a molecule

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17
Q

empirical formula

A

The formula that shows the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

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18
Q

general formula

A

The simplest algebraic formula of a member if a homologous series.

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19
Q

carboxylic acids

A
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20
Q

ketones

A
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21
Q

compound

A
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22
Q

structural isomer

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but with different structural formulae

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23
Q

homolytic fission

A

The breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom, forming two radicals

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24
Q

heterolytic fission

A

The breaking of a covalent bond with both of the bonded electrons going to each atom, forming a cation and an anion.

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25
Q

radical

A

A species with an unpaired electron

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26
Q

stoichiometry

A

The ratio of the amount, in moles, of each substance in a chemical equation

essentially the ratio of the balencing numbers)

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27
Q

curly arrows

A
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28
Q

sigma bond (𝛔-bond)

A

A bond formed by the overlap of one orbital from each bonding atom, consisting of two electrons and with the electron density centred around a line directly between the nuclei of the two atoms

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29
Q

orbitals

A
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30
Q

fractional distillation

A

The seperation of components in a liquid mixture by their different boiling points into fractions with different compositions

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31
Q

London forces

A
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32
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

A strong dipole-dipole attraction between an electron-deficient hydrogen atom of -NH, -OH or HF on one molecule and a lone pair of electrons on a highly electronegative atom containing N, O, or F on a different molecule.

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33
Q

reagents

A
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34
Q

electronegativity

A
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35
Q

combustion

complete and incomplete

A
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36
Q

global warming

A
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37
Q

radical substitution

A
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38
Q

initiation

in the context of alkane mechanisms

A
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39
Q

propagation

in the context of alkane mechanisms

A
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40
Q

termination

in the context of alkanes

A
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41
Q

chain reaction

in the context of alkane mechanisms

A
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42
Q

cyclic alkenes

A
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43
Q

Pi bond (𝝅-bond)

A
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44
Q

stereoisomers

A
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45
Q

E/Z isomerism

A
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46
Q

E isomer

47
Q

Z isomer

48
Q

cis/ trans isomerism

49
Q

cis isomer

50
Q

trans isomer

51
Q

optical ismerism

52
Q

Cahn-Ingold-Prelog

53
Q

addition reaction

54
Q

electrophile

55
Q

carbocation

56
Q

polar molecule

57
Q

non-polar molecule

58
Q

primary carbocation

markownikoff’s rule

59
Q

secondary carbocation

Markownikoff’s rule

60
Q

tertiary carbocation

Markownikoff’s rule

61
Q

polymers

62
Q

addition polymerisation

63
Q

monomer

64
Q

synthetic polymers

65
Q

recycling

66
Q

organic feedstock recycling

67
Q

bioplastics

68
Q

biodegradable

69
Q

photodegradable

70
Q

chemical feedstock

71
Q

hydroxyl group

72
Q

volatile

73
Q

primary alcohols

74
Q

secondary alcohols

75
Q

tertiary alcohols

76
Q

oxidation

77
Q

hydrogenation

78
Q

exothermic

79
Q

endothermic

80
Q

distilled

81
Q

dehydration

82
Q

reflux

83
Q

hydrolysis

84
Q

idoalkanes

85
Q

hydrolyse

86
Q

bromoalkanes

87
Q

chloroalkanes

88
Q

fluoroalkanes

89
Q

nucleophile

90
Q

primary haloalkanes

91
Q

secondary haloalkanes

92
Q

tertiary haloalkanes

93
Q

organohalogens

94
Q

ozone layer

95
Q

stratosphere

96
Q

redistillation

97
Q

ester

98
Q

acyl chloride

99
Q

nitrile

100
Q

target molecules

101
Q

synthesis

102
Q

mass spectrometry

103
Q

molecular ion

104
Q

mass spectrometer

105
Q

fragmentation

106
Q

fragment ions

107
Q

wavenumber

108
Q

greenhouse gases

109
Q

infrared spectroscopy

110
Q

fingerprint region

111
Q

arenes

112
Q

amides

113
Q

phenols

114
Q

elemental analysis