N.F. Module 4 - pick up pg256

Question 1

Hydrocarbon

Answer 1

A compound made of hydrogen and carbon only

Question 2

saturated

Answer 2

containing single bonds only

Question 3

unsaturated

Answer 3

containing a multiple carbon-carbon bond

Question 4

homologous series

Answer 4

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH₂

Question 5

alkanes

Answer 5

The hydrocarbon homologous series with single carbon carbon-carbon bonds and the general formula CnH₂n₊₂

Question 6

functional group

Answer 6

The part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions

Question 7

molecule

Answer 7

The smallest part of a covalent compound that can exist while retaining its chemical identity, consisting of 2 or more atoms covalently bonded together.

Question 8

alcohol

Answer 8

A homologous series with a functional group of OH and a general formula of CnH₂n₊₁OH

Question 9

aliphatic

Answer 9

Containg carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains

Question 10

alicyclic

Answer 10

Containing carbon atoms joined together in a ring that is not aromatic

Question 11

aromatic

Answer 11

Containing one or more benzene rings.

Question 12

alkenes

Answer 12

The hydrocarbon homologous series with at least one double carbon-carbon bond and the general formula CnH₂n

Question 13

alkynes

Answer 13

The hydrocarbon homologous series with one triple carbon-carbon bonds and the general formula CnH₂n₋₂

Question 14

alkyl group

Answer 14

A side chain formed by removing a hydrogen atom removed from an alkane parent chain.

eg. CH₃, C₂H₅ - any alkyl group is often shown as R

Question 15

aldehydes

Question 16

molecular formula

Answer 16

A formula that shows the number and type of atoms of each element present in a molecule

Question 17

empirical formula

Answer 17

The formula that shows the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

Question 18

general formula

Answer 18

The simplest algebraic formula of a member if a homologous series.

Question 19

carboxylic acids

Question 20

ketones

Question 21

compound

Question 22

structural isomer

Answer 22

Molecules with the same molecular formula but with different structural formulae

Question 23

homolytic fission

Answer 23

The breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom, forming two radicals

Question 24

heterolytic fission

Answer 24

The breaking of a covalent bond with both of the bonded electrons going to each atom, forming a cation and an anion.

Question 25

radical

Answer 25

A species with an unpaired electron

Question 26

stoichiometry

Answer 26

The ratio of the amount, in moles, of each substance in a chemical equation | essentially the ratio of the balencing numbers)

Question 27

curly arrows

Question 28

sigma bond (𝛔-bond)

Answer 28

A bond formed by the overlap of one orbital from each bonding atom, consisting of two electrons and with the electron density centred around a line directly between the nuclei of the two atoms

Question 29

orbitals

Question 30

fractional distillation

Answer 30

The seperation of components in a liquid mixture by their different boiling points into fractions with different compositions

Question 31

London forces

Question 32

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 32

A strong dipole-dipole attraction between an electron-deficient hydrogen atom of -NH, -OH or HF on one molecule and a lone pair of electrons on a highly electronegative atom containing N, O, or F on a different molecule.

Question 33

reagents

Question 34

electronegativity

Question 35

combustion | complete and incomplete

Question 36

global warming

Question 37

radical substitution

Question 38

initiation | in the context of alkane mechanisms

Question 39

propagation | in the context of alkane mechanisms

Question 40

termination | in the context of alkanes

Question 41

chain reaction | in the context of alkane mechanisms

Question 42

cyclic alkenes

Question 43

Pi bond (𝝅-bond)

Question 44

stereoisomers

Question 45

E/Z isomerism

Question 46

E isomer

Question 47

Z isomer

Question 48

cis/ trans isomerism

Question 49

cis isomer

Question 50

trans isomer

Question 51

optical ismerism

Question 52

Cahn-Ingold-Prelog

Question 53

addition reaction

Question 54

electrophile

Question 55

carbocation

Question 56

polar molecule

Question 57

non-polar molecule

Question 58

primary carbocation | markownikoff's rule

Question 59

secondary carbocation | Markownikoff's rule

Question 60

tertiary carbocation | Markownikoff's rule

Question 61

polymers

Question 62

addition polymerisation

Question 63

monomer

Question 64

synthetic polymers

Question 65

recycling

Question 66

organic feedstock recycling

Question 67

bioplastics

Question 68

biodegradable

Question 69

photodegradable

Question 70

chemical feedstock

Question 71

hydroxyl group

Question 72

volatile

Question 73

primary alcohols

Question 74

secondary alcohols

Question 75

tertiary alcohols

Question 76

oxidation

Question 77

hydrogenation

Question 78

exothermic

Question 79

endothermic

Question 80

distilled

Question 81

dehydration

Question 82

reflux

Question 83

hydrolysis

Question 84

idoalkanes

Question 85

hydrolyse

Question 86

bromoalkanes

Question 87

chloroalkanes

Question 88

fluoroalkanes

Question 89

nucleophile

Question 90

primary haloalkanes

Question 91

secondary haloalkanes

Question 92

tertiary haloalkanes

Question 93

organohalogens

Question 94

ozone layer

Question 95

stratosphere

Question 96

redistillation

Question 97

ester

Question 98

acyl chloride

Question 99

nitrile

Question 100

target molecules

Question 101

synthesis

Question 102

mass spectrometry

Question 103

molecular ion

Question 104

mass spectrometer

Question 105

fragmentation

Question 106

fragment ions

Question 107

wavenumber

Question 108

greenhouse gases

Question 109

infrared spectroscopy

Question 110

fingerprint region

Question 111

arenes

Question 112

amides

Question 113

phenols

Question 114

elemental analysis