NEXUS, Virtual Water, Water & Energy, Water and Mining

Question 1

Virtual Water by Allan, 2003

Answer 1

The water cost of the goods we use that is virtually “embedded” in those goods. Focus was primarily on agricultural goods. Linked food, water, trade. Three important virtues: effective in addressing water deficits, economically invisible, politically silent.

Question 2

Water Footprint

Answer 2

Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008 - The volume of freshwater used to produce a product, summed over the various steps of the production chain. Includes a spatial and temporal perspective (when and where the water was used)

Question 3

Grey Water

Answer 3

looks at polluted water (and how much water is needed to decrease the level of pollutant)

Question 4

Green Water

Answer 4

technical definition about how much water is in the soil (for now: rainwater)

Question 5

Blue Water

Answer 5

all available water that you can directly access (rivers, waterfalls, aquifers etc.)

Question 6

Virtual water budget

Answer 6

a national water footprint.
National water use + virtual water import - virtual water export. Traditionally only measures domestic water use.

Question 7

Telecoupling

Answer 7

refers to the socioeconomic and environmentally distant interactions among coupled natural and human systems

Question 8

Internal Water Footprint

Answer 8

the water used within the country so far, it is used to produce goods and services consumed by the national population

Question 9

External Water Footprint

Answer 9

Annual volume of water resources used in other countries to produce goods and services imported into and consumed in the country

Question 10

Water Footrpint of a Business

Answer 10

The water footprint of a business is the total volume of fresh water that is used directly and indirectly to run and support a business. The water footprint of a business consists of two components: the direct water use by the producer, for producing/manufacturing and supporting activities, and the indirect water use, i.e. the water use in the producer’s supply chain. The ‘water footprint of a business’ is the same as the total ‘water footprint of the business output products’.

Question 11

Environemntalism of the poor used in Del Bene (2018)

Answer 11

the poor are often on the side of preservation and go against large business. Coming from the standpoint that the environment is their source of livelihood.

Question 12

Extractivist violence

Answer 12

Del Bene (2018) Violence curbs down the emergence of alternative visions and a pluralist worldview

Question 13

Consumptive water use

Answer 13

water is removed from the system and cannot be immediately returned after use (ex: watering plants)

Question 14

Non-consumptive water use / Withdrawing

Answer 14

water is removed from and then immediately returned to the system for immediate use (ex: cooling power plants)

Question 15

Water use

Answer 15

both consuming and withdrawing water