news Flashcards
1
Q
verb
1 to promise sb that sth will certainly happen or be true, especially if he/she worried
A
assure
1 I assure you that it is perfect safe.
Let me assure you of my full support.
2
Q
to defend yourself from sb/sth that is attacking you
A
fend sb/sth off
Politicians usually manage to fend off awkward questions.
3
Q
verb
1 ( used about events) to happen at the same time as sth else
2 to be exactly the same or very similar
A
coincide
1 The Queen’s visit is timed to coincide with the country’s centenary celebrations.
2 Our views coincide completely.
4
Q
noun
1 a large business company
A
corporation
multinational corporations
5
Q
verb
to enjoy sth or to look forward to sth very much
A
relish
I don’t relish the prospect of getting up early tomorrow.
6
Q
noun C
a strong and often secret reason for doing sth that will bring you an advantage of some kind, for example more money or power
A
vested interest
7
Q
noun C
a long piece of music written for a large orchestra
A
symphony
8
Q
noun C
a large group of musicians who play different musical instruments to nether, led by one person( a conductor )
A
orchestra
a symphony orchestra
9
Q
adj
1 possible to be reached or entered
A
accessible
1 This island is only accessible by boat.
10
Q
noun U
the study of rocks, and of the way they are formed
A
geology
11
Q
verb
to make sb very interested and wanting to know more
A
intrigue
I was intrigued by the way he seemed to know all about us already.
adj. an intriguing story
12
Q
verb
1 to give sb/sth a new or amusing name( a nickname )
2 change the sound in a film so that what the actors said originally is spoken by actors using a different language
A
dub
1 Bill Clinton was dubbed ‘ Slick willy.
2 I don’t like foreign films when they are dubbed into English. I prefer subtitles.
13
Q
verb
1 to make a serious request for sth you need or want very much
2 to be attractive or interesting to sb
3 to influence sb’s feelings or thoughts so that he/she will do sth you want
4 to ask sb in authority to make or change a decision
A
appeal
1 Relief workers in the disaster area are appealing for more help and supplies.
She appealed to the kidnappers to let her son go.
2 The idea of living in the country doesn’t appeal to me at all.
3 We aim to appeal to people’s generosity.
4 He decided to appeal against his conviction.
The player fell down and appealed for a penalty.
14
Q
adj
1 involving the use of natural products and energy in a way that does not harm the environment
2 that can continue or be continued for a long time
A
sustainable
1 sustainable forest management
15
Q
noun 1 C a way of dealing with sb/sth 2 the act of coming nearer to sb/sth 3 C a request for sth 4 C a road or path leading to sth
A
approach
1 Parents don’t always know what approach to take with teenage children.
2 the approach of winter
3 The company has made an approach to us for financial assistance.
4 the approach to the village
16
Q
noun
1 U ( technical ) rain, snow, etc that falls; the amount of this that falls
2 U C a chemical process in which solid material is separated from a liquid
A
precipitation
17
Q
adj
using the system of measurement that is based on meters, grams, liters, etc
A
metric
18
Q
adj
1 connected with a empire or its ruler
2 belonging to a system of weighing and measuring that, in the past, was used for all goods in the United Kingdom and is still used for some
A
imperial
1 the imperial palace
19
Q
noun C
a medical condition that makes you ill when you eat, touch or breathe sth that does not normally make other people ill
A
allergy
an allergy to cats/shellfish/pollen
20
Q
noun U
a fine, usually yellow, powder which is formed in flowers. It makes other flowers of the same type produce seeds when it is carried to them by the wind, insects, etc.
A
pollen
21
Q
noun C
a part of sth that is used for holding or opening it
A
handle
She turned the handle and opened the door .
22
Q
verb
to make noises by breathing air suddenly up your nose, especially because you have a cold or you are crying
A
sniffle
23
Q
verb
1 to breathe air in through the nose in a way that makes a sound, especially because you have a cold or you are crying
2 to smell sth by sniffing
noun
A
sniff
1 Stop sniffing and blow your nose.
2 ‘ I can smell gas ‘ he said, sniffing the air.
The dog sniffed at the bone.
noun C
Have a sniff of this milk and tell me if it’s still OK.
24
Q
verb
to make air come out of your nose suddenly and noisily in a way that you cannot control, for example because you have a cold.
noun
A
sneeze
Dust makes me sneeze.
25
noun C
| a person who ride a bicycle
cyclist
26
noun C
| a person who takes part in a public protest
demonstrator
27
noun C
| one of the different religious groups that you can belong to
denomination
28
noun U C
| a statement or action that shows that you do not like or approve sth
protest
He resigned in protest against the decision.
The union organized a protest against the redundancies.
29
adj
1 ( used about employees ) no longer needed for a job and therefore out of work
2 not necessary or wanted
noun
```
redundant
1 When the factory closed 800 people were made redundant.
noun
redundancy
redundancy pay
```
30
noun C
| a long line of rocks, plant, etc just below or above the surface of the sea
reef
| a coral reef
31
verb
| to smell strongly of sth unpleasant
reek
| His breath reeked of tobacco.
32
noun C
a person who is caught and kept prison.a~ may be killed or injured if the person who is holding him/her does not get what he/she is asking for
hostage
The robbers tried to take the staff hostage.
The hijackers say they will hold the passengers hostage until their demands are met.
33
noun C U
| the money that you must pay to free sb who has been captured illegally and who is being kept as a prisoner
ransom
| The kidnappers demanded a ransom of $500,000 for the boy's release.
34
noun C
1 an important and emotional request
2 a statement made by or for sb in a court of law
plea
1 a plea for help
2 a plea of guilty/not guilty
35
verb
1 ~ sth to sb , to make sth known that was secret or unknown before
2 to show sth that was hidden before
reveal
1 He refused to reveal any names to the police.
2 The X-ray revealed a tiny fracture in her right hand.
36
noun C U
a break in a bone or other hard material
verb
fracture
verb
She fell and fractured her ankle.
A water pipe fractured and flooded the bathroom.
37
noun C
| a violent storm with a very strong wind that blows in a circle
tornado
38
verb
1 to tear or be torn quickly and suddenly
2 to remove sth quickly and violently often by pulling it
rip
1 Oh no! My dress has ripped.
He ripped the letter in half/two and threw it in the bin.
The blast of the bomb ripped the house apart.
2 He ripped the poster from the wall.
39
noun C
1 the act of ~ing a ship, spacecraft, new product, etc
2 a large motor boat
launch
40
noun C
1 a small round piece of wood, glass or plastic with a hole in the middle for putting a string through to make jewellery, etc
2 pl a circular piece of jewellery made of ~s
3 a drop of liquid
bead
| There were beads of sweat on his forehead.
41
noun C
| a large picture painted on a wall
mural
42
verb
1 to make the sound that bees, etc make when flying
2 ~ with sth, to be full of excitement, activity, thoughts, etc
3 to call sb by using a electric bell, etc
buzz
1 A large fly was buzzing against the windowpane.
2 Her head was buzzing with questions that she wanted to ask.
The room was buzzing with activity.
3 The doctor will buzz for you when he is ready.
43
adj
1 feeling or showing pleasure or admiration
2 ~ of sth, grateful for sth
appreciative
1 an appreciative audience
2 He was very appreciative of our efforts to help.
44
noun
1 C an ~ ( about/concerning/into sb/sth ) a question that you ask about sth
2 U the act of asking about sth
3 C ~ into sth, an official process to find out the cause of sth
inquiry
1 I 'll make some inquiries into English language courses in Oxford.
2 After weeks of inquiry he finally found what he was looking for.
3 After the accident there was an inquiry into safety procedures.
45
adj
| connected with seeing
visual
the visual arts(= painting, sculpture, cinema, etc )
visually
The film is visually stunning.
46
noun
1 C U an ~ ( to/for sb) ,~ ( to do/for sth) a feeling, person or thing that makes you want to do sth or gives you exciting new ideas
2 C a sudden good idea
inspiration
1 The beauty of the mountains was a great source of inspiration to the writer.
What gave you the inspiration to become a dancer?
2 I've had an inspiration - why don't we go to that new club?
47
noun C
| a person who is walking in the street ( not traveling in a vehicle )
pedestrian
48
noun
1 C official action that is taken to solve a problem or improve a situation
2 U the ability to see and do what is necessary without waiting for sb to tell you
3 the stronger position because you have done sth first; the advantage
initiative
1 a new government initiative to help people start small businesses
2 Don't keep asking me how to do it. Use your initiative.
3 The enemy forces have lost the initiative.
49
prep
| in the middle of, among
amidst
50
noun C
one of the tubes which take blood from the heart to other parts of the body
adj
artery
adj
arterial. ~ blood/disease
51
noun U
1 ( formal ) ~ with sb/sth; ~ between A and B, the state of being equal, especially the state of having equal pay or position
2 ( technical ) ( in finance ) the fact of the units of money of two different countries being equal
parity
1 Prison officers are demanding pay parity with the police force.
2 to achieve parity with the dollar
52
adj
1 ~ in sth, able to speak or write a foreign language easily and accurately
2 ( used about speaking, reading or writing ) expressed in a smooth and accurate way
fluent
1 After a year in France she was fluent in French.
2 He speaks fluent German.
noun fluency
My knowledge of Japanese grammar is good but I need to work on my fluency.
adv. fluently
53
adj
| exact and correct, without mistakes
```
accurate
He managed to give the police an accurate description of the robbers.
That clock isn't very accurate.
opp. inaccurate
noun accuracy
opp. inaccuracy
adv. accurately
It is difficult to estimate the age of these bones accurately.
```
54
noun U
1 a situation in an argument in which neither side can win or make any progress
2 ( in chess ) a position in which a game ends without a winner because neither side can move
stalemate
55
adj
1 ( used about food or air ) old and not fresh any more
2 not interesting or exciting any more
stale
| 1 The bread will go stale if you don't put it away.
56
verb I
| ~ with sb, to behave in a way that suggests you find sb attractive and are trying to attract him/her
flirt
Who was that boy Irene was flirting with at the party?
figurative.
to flirt with death/ danger/ disaster
57
noun C
| a difficult situation in which no progress can be made because the people involved cannot agree what to do
impasse
syn. deadlock
to break/end the impasse
Negotiations have reached an impasse.
58
noun C
1 a ~ ( for sth); a ~ ( to do sth ) , an effort to do, obtain, etc sth; an attempt
2 an offer by a person or a business company to pay a certain amount of money for sth
bid
1 His bid for freedom had failed.
Tonight the Ethiopian athlete will make a bid to break the world record.
2 Granada mounted a hostile takeover bid ( = when one company tries to buy another company ) for Forte.
At the auction we made a bid of $100 for the chair.
bidder noun C
The house was sold to the highest bidder( = the person who offered the most money).
59
verb T
| to prevent sth unpleasant
avert
| The accident could have been averted.
60
verb I
to creat new things, ideas or ways of doing sth
noun C U
```
innovate
noun C U an innovation in sth
C technological innovations in industry
innovative adj
innovative methods/designs/products
innovator noun C
```
61
noun C
| a person who makes money by starting or running businesses, especially when this involves taking financial risks
entrepreneur
entrepreneurial. adj
entrepreneurship noun U
62
noun U sing
| a lot of noise, confusion, anger, etc; an angry discussion about sth
uproar
| The meeting ended in uproar.
63
noun C U
| the process of changing food in your stomach so that it can be used by the body
digestion
digestive adj
the digestive system
64
verb T
1 to Chang food in your stomach so that it can be used by the body
2 to think about new information so that you understand it fully
digest
1 I'm not going to go swimming until I've digested my lunch.
2 The lecture was interesting, but too much to digest all at once.
65
noun C
1 a plan to do a number of things in order to achieve a special aim
2 a planned series of attacks in a war
campaign
| 1 to launch an advertising/election campaign
66
verb I
| ~ ( for/against sb/sth ) to take part in a planned series of activities in order to make sth happen or to prevent sth
campaign
Local people are campaigning for lower speed limits in the town.
campaigner noun C
an animal rights campaigner
67
noun C
a metal musical instrument that you play by blowing into it. There are three buttons on it which you press to make different notes.
trumpet
68
noun
1 U a hard yellow metal that is a mixture of two other metals ( copper and zinc )
2 sing, with sing or pl verb
the group of instruments that are made of brass
brass
1 brass buttons on a uniform
2 the brass section in an orchestra
69
verb T
| to follow sb closely
dog ( dogging; dogged )
A shadowy figure was dogging their every move.
( figurative )
Bad luck and illness have dogged her career from the start.
70
verb T
1 to copy sth and try to make people believe it is the real thing
2 to make people believe that you are feeling sth that you are not
fake
1 He faked his father's signature.
2 I faked surprise when he told me the news.
71
noun C
1 a work of art, etc that seems to be real or genuine but is not
2 a person who is not really what he/she appears to be
adj
fake
adj
a fake passport
72
noun C with sing or pl verb
1 a large formal meeting or series of meetings
2 the name in some countries ( for example the US ) for the group of people who are elected to make the laws
congress
1 a medical congress
2 The US Congress is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
73
noun C
1 a very good or religious person who is given special respect after death by the Christian church
2 a very good, kind person
saint
74
```
adj
1 ~ with sb, ~ at sth, very angry
noun
2 very strong, violent
adj
```
furious
1 He was furious with her for losing the car keys.
He was furious at having to catch the train home.
noun. fury
2 A furious row has broken out over the closure of the school.
adj. furiously
75
noun
1 C a ~ ( about/over sth ) a noisy argument or serious disagreement between two or more people, groups, etc
2 sing, a loud noise
verb I
~ with sb about/over sth
Pete and I are always rowing about money.
row
1 When I have a row with my girlfriend, I always try to make up as soon as possible.
A row has broken out between the main parties over education.
2 What a row! Could you be a bit quieter!
76
verb T formal
| to say that sb has done sth wrong, but without having any proof that this is true
allege
The woman alleged that Williams had attacked her with a knife.
allegation noun C
to make allegations of police corruption
alleged adj only before a noun
allegedly adv
The man was allegedly shot while trying to escape.
77
adj
1 doing or involving illegal or dishonest things in exchange for money, etc
2 computing) containing changes or faults and no longer in the original state
```
corrupt
1 corrupt officials who accept bribes
corrupt business practices
2 corrupt software
The text on the disk seems to be corrupt.
```
78
noun C
| money, etc that is given to sb such as an official to persuade him/her to do sth to help you that is wrong or dishonest
```
bribe
to accept/take bribes
verb T
bribe sb with sth
They got a visa by bribing an official.
bribery noun U
```
79
noun C
| a show performed in a large tent by a company of people and animals
circus
80
verb T
| ~ sth; ~ sb ( from sth/from doing sth) to officially say that sth is not allowed, often by law
ban
The government has banned the import of products from that country.
He was fined $500 and banned from driving for a year.
noun C a ban on sth
There is a ban on smoking in this office.
to impose/lift a ban
81
verb T
1 to prevent sth or make sth happen more slowly
2 ~ sb ( from sth/from doing sth ) to make sb nervous and embarrassed so that he/she is unable to do sth
inhibit
1 a drug to inhibit the growth of tumours,
2 The fact that her boss was there inhibited her from saying what she really felt.
inhibited adj.
The young man felt shy and inhibited in the roomful of women.
opp. uninhibited
82
noun C
1 a person who wears funny clothes and a big red nose and does silly things to make people ( especially children ) laugh
2 a person who makes jokes and does silly things to make the people around him/her laugh
```
clown
2 At school, Jan was always the class clown.
```
83
noun C
| a wooden or metal bar hanging from two ropes high above the ground, used by performers ( acrobats )
trapeze
84
noun
1 C a formal argument or discussion of a question at a public meeting or in Parliament
2 U general discussion about sth expressing different opinions
debate
2 There's been a lot of debate about the cause of acid rain.
verb
They debated whether to go or not.
85
verb
1 I T to hit your hands together noisily ( clap ) in order to show that you like sb/sth
2 T ( usually passive ) to express approval of sth
applaud
1 The audience applauded loudly.
The team was applauded as it left the field.
2 The decision was applauded by everybody.
86
adv
| in the end, finally
eventually
He eventually managed to persuade his parents to let him buy a motor bike.
syn. finally
87
verb T
1 to cause sb/sth to seem less important or successful
2 to cause sth to be less enjoyable
overshadow
| 1 Conor always seemed to be overshadowed by his sister.
88
verb T
1 ~ sb ( of sth/that..) to succeed in making sb believe sth
2 ~ sb ( to do sth ) to persuade sb to do sth
convince
1 She convinced him of the need to go back.
I couldn't convince her that I was right.
2 The salesman convinced them to buy a new cooker.
89
noun U
| attractive green leaves and plants
greenery
90
verb
1 I T to move backwards and forwards or from side to side while hanging from sth, to make sb/sth move in this way
2 IT to move or make sb/sth move in a curve
3 I to move or change from one position or situation towards the opposite one
4 I T ~ sth ( at sb/sth ) to try to hit sb/sth
swing
1 The rope was swinging from a branch.
She sat on the wall, swinging her legs.
2 The door swung open and Rudi walked in.
He swung the child up onto his shoulders.
3 She swung round when she heard the door open.
His moods swing from one extreme to the other.
91
verb T
1 to make sth active or more active
2 to make sb feel interested and excited about sth
stimulate
1 Exercise stimulates the blood circulation.
The government has decided to cut taxes in order to stimulate the economy.
2 The lessons don't really stimulate him.
stimulation noun U
92
noun C
1 a piece of land inside a wall, fence, etc that is used for a particular purpose
2 something that is placed inside an envelope together with the letter
enclosure
| 1 a wildlife enclosure
93
adj
| ( used about an ability or quality ) that you have when you are born
innate
| the innate ability to learn
94
noun C U
| the nature force that causes a person or animal to behave in a particular way without thinking or learning about it
instinct
Birds learn to fly by instinct.
In a situation like that you don't have time to think- you just act on instinct.
instinctive adj
Your instinctive reaction is to run from danger.
instinctively adv.
95
noun U
| the state of being kept in a place that you can't escape from
captivity
| Wild animals are often unhappy in captivity.
96
adj
1 ~ to sth, showing that you are conscious of and able to understand people's feelings, problems, etc
2 ~ about/to sth, easily upset, offended or annoyed, especially about a particular subject
sensitive
1 It wasn't very sensitive of you to keep mentioning her boyfriend. You know they are just split up.
to be sensitive to sb's feelings/wishes
2 She is still a bit sensitive about her divorce.
He's very sensitive to criticism.
97
noun C U
| a chemical substance that is used to keep insects, etc away
repellent
| a mosquito repellent
98
noun
1 U comparison between two people or things that shows the differences between them
2 C U a ~ to/with sb/sth, a ~ between A and B, a clear difference between two things or people that is seen when they are compared
3 C sth that is clearly different from sth else when the two things are compared
contrast
1 In contrast to previous years, we have had a very successful summer.
2 There is a tremendous contrast between the climate in the valley and the climate in the hills.
3 This house is quite a contrast to your old one.
99
adj
| ( used about people and their behavior ) able to make good judgements based on reason and experience; practical,
sensible
a sensible person/decision/precaution
Stop joking and give me a sensible answer.
I think it would be sensible to leave early, in case there's a lot of traffic.
opp. silly or foolish
sensibly adv.
Let's sit down and discuss the matter sensibly.
100
noun C
| one of two points (terminals) where an electric current enters or leaves a battery, etc
electrode
101
verb
1 IT to fasten or catch sth with a ~ or sth in the shape of a ~, to be fastened in this way
2 T to put sth through a hole in sth else
* to connect sb/sth to a piece of electronic equipment or to a power supply
```
hook
1 we hooked the trailer to the back of the car.
The curtain simply hooks onto the rail.
2 Hook the rope through your belt.
PHR V hook sth up to sth
```
102
adj
1 ~ from sth, far away from where other people live
2 far away in time
3 not very great
4 not very friendly or interested in other people
```
remote
1 a remote island in the Pacific
2 the remote past/future
3 I haven't the remotest idea who could have done such a thing.
a remote possibility
4 He seemed rather remote.
remoteness noun
```
103
verb T (informal)
1 to think; to have an opinion about sth
2 to calculate sth approximately
3 to expect to do sth
PHR V to expect sth to happen and therefore to base a plan or action on it
reckon
1 She's very late now. I reckon that she isn't coming.
I think she's forgotten. What do you reckon?
2 I reckon the journey will take about half an hour.
3 I wasn't reckoning to pay so much.
PHR V reckon on sth
I didn't book in advance because I wasn't reckoning on tickets being so scarce.
104
verb T
1 to send or push sb/sth back or away
2 to make sb feel disgusted
repel
2 The dirt and smell repelled her.
repulsion noun
105
adj
| rough and having grown into a strange shape, because of old age or hard work
gnarled
The old man had gnarled fingers.
A gnarled oak tree
106
noun
1 C either of the two bones in your face that contain your teeth
2 ~s(pl) the mouth (especially of a wild animal )
3 pl. the parts of a tool or machine that are used to hold things tightly
jaw
1 the lower/upper jaw
2 The lion came towards him with his jaws open.
3 the jaws of a vice
