newcastle costal managment Flashcards
what are sea walls
tall concrete walls built at the back of beaches, curved in order to deflect wave energy back out to sea
what are gabions
metal cages filled with local stone normally 1 meter by 1 meter. break wave energy
where are sea walls located
built at the back of beaches
where are gabions located
mouth of rivers or bottom of cliffs
what are groynes
long fences of hard wood stretching out from beach. they trap sand from moving along beach
what distance apart are groynes
around 50 meters
what is beach nourishment
lorries deposit large amounts of sand on the beach making it wider and deeper
managed retreat
nature is allowed to take its course, usually occurs where land is of low value
when was new wall built in new castle
2002
what are the advantages of the new wall
- no longer floods the man build environment at sea front .
2. has won awards for the design
disadvantages of new wall
beach erosion increased due to energy being sent back to sea, bring sand with it.
when were new gabions installed and where
2006 at the mouth of the shimna river
advantages of gabions
- more sustainable than sea wall
- allow water to enter and slowly dissipate
- lower cost than other methods
disadvantages of gabions
rust and break after 10-15 years
when were the groynes on newcastle beach build
concrete groynes where built in the 1980s
