Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

lifestage nutrition exam > newborns and infant feeding > Flashcards

newborns and infant feeding Flashcards

1
Q

what causes breast to start developing during pregnancy

A

release of oestrogen and progesterone during menstrual cycles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the role of oestrogen production during pregnancy

A
  • stimulates elongation of tubular ducts (with growth hormone)
  • promotes fat storage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the role of progesterone during pregnancy

A

stimulates the development of glands to secrete milk (with prolactin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the anatomical parts of the breast (5)

A
  • alveolus
  • lobules
  • lactiferous duct
  • lactiferous sinuses
  • nipple and areola
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the alveolus

A

milk-secreting cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are lobules

A

branches of alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the lactiferous ducts

A

channels that connect the lobes to the nipples where the milk is expressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the lactiferous sinuses

A

this is where milk can be stored, and is to be ejected when the baby suckles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the nipples and areola

A

smooth muscle cells at the tip of the breast.
help suckling baby to grip the nipple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the role of prolactin during lactation

A

acts on the alveolar cells to synthesise and secrete milk
produce in response to the emptying of the breasts and infant suckling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the issues with incomplete feeding during breastfeeding

A

may results in decreased milk supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the role of oxytocin during lactation

A

hormone that causes the release of the milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how does oxytocin result in the release of milk

A

suckling causes the hypothalamus to produce oxytocin.
Myoepithelial cells around the alveoli respond by contracting ad sending milk through ducts to the nipple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the role of oxytocin during labour

A

stimulate uterine contractions, which readies the breaks for immediate feeding after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the components of breast milk and where in the body are the from

A
  • lactose –> newly synthesised in alveolar
  • ions (sodium and potassium) –>transported into alveoli via active transport
  • proteins –> can be synthesised or transported from maternal circulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where is milk fat made

A

lipid droplets are made in alveolar cells
lipids made from maternal circulation or newly synthesised

17
Q
A
18
Q

what causes the change in composition of human milk

A
  • feed duration
  • time of day
  • infants age
  • maternal nutritional status
  • gestational age of delivery
19
Q

what are the 3 types of milk produced during lactation, and at what days

A
  1. colostrum –> first 3 days
  2. transitional milk –> days 3-14
  3. mature milk –> day 14 onwards
20
Q

what is the purpose of colostrum milk

A
  • small amounts of milk to not overflow the infants stomach
  • immuno-protective role
  • mild laxative effect to help with the first bowel movements
21
Q

what are the bioactive components of colostrum and what are their roles

A

immunoglobulin A and lactoferrin
protect against microorganism exposure

22
Q

what is foremilk

A
  • the first milk released
  • watery-bluish colour to quench thirst
  • lower in fat
  • lactose rich
  • sweeter to trigger the desire to fee
23
Q

what is hindmilk

A

milk released after full letdown
- yellowish colour
- rich in fat
- energy and nutrient dense for contentment during feeding

24
Q

what are the carbs in breast milk

A
  • 80% of the carbs are lactose
  • Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs)
25
Q

what are HMOs

A

act are prebiotics to encourage bacterial growth in the colon
- over 130 types

26
Q

what are the types of protein in breast milk

A
  • caesin (20-30% early lactation and 50% in late lactation)
  • whey (70-80% early lactation and 50% late lactation)
  • non-protein nitrogen )20-50% nitrogen in milk)
27
Q

what is casein protein

A
  • large, hydrophobic protein
  • forms micelles with calcium phosphate
  • form clots in infants stomach
28
Q

what is whey protein

A
  • smaller, hydrophilic
  • easily digestible
  • serum protein, enzymes, and lactoferrin
29
Q

role of fats in human milk

A

provide energy
used in development of the CNS

30
Q

why does fat content change between women

A

based on body fat and weight gain during pregnancy

31
Q

what affects fatty acid composition of breast milk

A

mothers diet and nutritional status

32
Q

why is vitamin D important in breast milk

A
  • infant body stores deplete within 8 weeks
  • low Vit D can increase the risk for inadequate bone mineralisation and conditions such as rickets
33
Q

why is vitamin K important in breast milk

A

low vit K increases risk of haemorrhagic disease

34
Q

how do we try to prevent vit k deficiencies in infants

A

intramuscular injection of vit k to all newborns

35
Q
A

what minerals are found in human milk

36
Q
A

lifestage nutrition exam (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions