newborns adaptation

Question 1

what does the Dubowitz scoring system measure?

Answer 1

the gestational ages of newborns

Question 2

what are the vital signs for newborns

Answer 2

HR- 110-160
RR- 30-60
Temp- 35.7-37.3
Bp- 70-80
30-40 dystolic

Question 3

when is the Apgar score done?

Answer 3

1min after birth and 5mins after

Question 4

is apnea normal during the first few minutes after birth?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

what is a nuchal cord

Answer 5

when the umbilical cord is wrapped around babies neck

Question 6

what is the term flat

Answer 6

when babys tone is flaccid

Question 7

what is the term grunting

Answer 7

sounds made when hard of breathing

Question 8

what is the term indrawing

Answer 8

showing increased work of breathing

Question 9

nasal flaring meaning

Answer 9

occurs when the nostrils widen while breathing. sign of problems breathing

Question 10

what does not pinking up meaning

Answer 10

cyanosis

Question 11

what is the first period of reactivity

Answer 11

it lasts 30minutes after birth

Question 12

what is the transition period after birth

Answer 12

6-8 hours after birth

Question 13

what happens to babies heart rate immediately after birth

Answer 13

it increases and decreases to regular after the first 30minutes

Question 14

what is the period of decreased responsiveness

Answer 14

lasts 60 to 100 minutes

Question 15

what is the second period of reactivity

Answer 15

between 2-8hrs after birth

Question 16

what is seroconversion

Answer 16

it is the transition phase from the exposure to a virus and when antibodies show up in their blood

Question 17

what are the medications given at birth

Answer 17

ophthalmic erythromycin - ointment to prevent infections which can damage the cornea and may
lead to blindness, and which may occur secondary to STI infections. it is Inserted into the conjunctiva

vitamin k- Administered within 6 hr of birth
Vitamin K used for prevention and treatment of hemorrhagic disease in the
newborn (HDNB), used to decrease risk for haemorrhage. Various clotting factors are activated under the influence of Vitamin K. administered IM and 1.0mg

Hepatitis b- If a mother is Hepatitis B positive the infant is vaccinated to prevent
seroconversion starting immediately after birth.
Within 12 hours of birth…. immunoglobulin (available from the lab) is
administered as well as the first vaccine of 3 (pharmacy)
2nd vaccine at 1 month
3rd vaccine at 6 months

Question 18

what are the main systems that undergo changes as th fetes becomes newborn

Answer 18

respiratory
cardiovascular
temperature regulation

Question 19

what are the factors that stimulate infants respirations

Answer 19

chemical -02, c02, ph, chemoreceptors
mechanical - chest compression during labour
thermal - lower temp and environment
sensory- sound, light, noise

Question 20

what is a surfactant

Answer 20

it is produced in the fetus and helps the alveoli open, prevent it from collapsing and prepare the metal lungs for air breathing

Question 21

how does prematurity affect infant respirations

Answer 21

there is no produced surfactant before 37weeks and can lead to respiratory distress

Question 22

what will happen to babies delivered by c-section related to respiratory system

Answer 22

they will have fluid retention- they did not go through labour, passing through the birth canal

Question 23

characteristics of newborn breathing
_____ per minutes
* Irregular, periodic pauses
* Irregular breathing more pronounced when crying or after a feeding
* Obligate ______ (choose one - mouth/ nose) breathers
* Irregular breathing/pauses should not be associated with any change
in colour

Answer 23

30-60 breaths
period of apnea- no longer than 20 seconds
nose breathers

Question 24

what will indicate problematic breathing

Answer 24

central cyanosis
nasal flaring
grunting
intercostal retractions
seesaw respirations

Question 25

In placenta to fetal circulation
The vein carries _____________ blood and the
Arteries carry _________________ blood

Answer 25

oxygenated and de-oxygenated

Question 26

what are the temporary structures and changes that occurs in the cardiovascular system

Answer 26

formal ovale
ductus arteriouses
they both shunt blood away from the lungs and as the baby breaths the ducts closes so circulation occurs

ductus venous - shunting to the liver from the umbilical cord

Question 27

cardiovascular system ___________ bpm
* Femoral pulses should be evaluated for equality
* Apical pulse for full minute
* Evaluate for abnormal rate and rhythm
* 90% of murmurs are innocent

Answer 27

110-160

Question 28

indication of cardiovascular system

Answer 28

diaphoresis
sweating

Question 29

are blood cells in newborns usually high?

Answer 29

yes especially WBC

Question 30

a lot of heat is losed through infants head. true or false

Answer 30

true

Question 31

what are the methods of heat loss

Answer 31

Evaporation- most common, liquid to vapour, not drying baby fast enough
conduction- body surface to cooler air with direct contact, weigh scales, or touching a cold object
convection- body surface to cooler air, cold air
radiation- body surface to solid cooler surface, putting cribs beside windows not good