Newborn rashes

Question 1

Name the skin condition

Answer 1

Congenital dermal melanocytosis

Question 2

Macule

Answer 2

A distinct, flat lesion less than 1 cm

Question 3

Rash

Answer 3

A change of the skin that affects its color, appearance, or texture

Question 4

Pustular melanosis treatment

Answer 4

The rash will resolve on its own without treatment. The pustular phase resolves by 10 days of age, and the hyperpigmented lesions resolve by 3-4 months. Use nonirritating lotion and soap.

Question 5

Name the skin condition

Answer 5

Neonatal pustular melanosis

Question 6

Papule

Answer 6

A distinct, raised lesion less than 1 cm

Question 7

Patch

Answer 7

A distinct, flat lesion greater than 1 cm

Question 8

Plaque

Answer 8

A distinct, raised lesion greater than 1 cm

Question 9

Pustule

Answer 9

A vesicle containing pus

Question 10

Vesicle

Answer 10

A fluid filled collection less than 1 cm

Question 11

Erythema toxicum

Answer 11

A transient, self limited rash of unknown etiology that can occur in around 50% of infants, most commonly white infants. Characterized by yellow-white papules or pustules with surrounding erythema. May occur anywhere on the body, commonly the chest, back, and face, usually sparing the palms and soles. Occurs in the first 2-3 days of life and resolves in the first week of life without intervention

Question 12

Name the skin condition

Answer 12

Erythema toxicum

Question 13

Pustular melanosis

Answer 13

A multiphase process of unknown etiology that occurs in black infants. Characterized by pustules in a widespread distribution, including the palms and soles, that may be present at the time of birth. These pustules tend to rupture and leave behind hyperpigmented macules surrounded by a collarette of scaly skin. No treatment is required. The pustular phase typically lasts 2-3 days, and the macular phase can last 3-4 months.

Question 14

Milia

Answer 14

1-2 mm epidermal inclusion cysts that are white with color and filled with keratin. They occur in 40% of newborns and are concentrated on the nose and face. They have intraoral counterparts called Epstein pearls located on the palate- these lesions are larger and can be mistaken for natal teeth. Milia rupture spontaneously and don’t require treatment.

Question 15

Name the skin condition

Answer 15

Milia

Question 16

Congenital dermal melanocytosis

Answer 16

Sharply demarcated macules or patches of highly varying shapes and sizes. They can be small and isolated or large and numerous. They are blue-black in color and commonly located on the sacral region, buttocks, legs, or back. They have the highest incidence in African American, Native American, Hispanic, and Asian infants. The lesions will usually fade over several years of life, but can persist into adult life. They are benign and do not require treatment

Question 17

Miliaria

Answer 17

Caused by obstruction of sweat glands in the skin and can have different clinical presentations. The lesions worsen with high temperature or high humidity, as this predisposes an infant to an increase in sweat gland obstruction. Superficial epidermal obstruction causes 1-2 mm grouped vesicles without erythema distributed over the chest and neck (miliaria crystalline). More commonly, sweat gland obstruction that occurs deeper in the epidermis will cause papules or pustules with surrounding erythema in the same distribution (miliaria rubra- heat rash). This can simulate folliculitis.

Question 18

Miliaria treatment

Answer 18

Removal from the predisposing environment to a cool environment.

Question 19

Name the skin condition

Answer 19

Miliaria crystalline

Question 20

Name the skin condition

Answer 20

Miliaria rubra