NEWBORN ADAPTATION

Question 1

what does “APGAR” stand for??

Answer 1

Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration

Question 2

newborns have brown fat located …..(4)

Answer 2

neck scapula axilla around kidneys

Question 3

_______ of pulmonary arterioles causes a decreased PVR

Answer 3

Vasoconstriction

Question 4

TRUE/FALSE: Newborns cannot shiver and must generate heat in other ways

Answer 4

true

Question 5

“2” methods of heat production in newborns

Answer 5

-non-shivering thermogenesis -voluntary muscle activity

Question 6

Reasons (4) that Gestational Age Assessments are completed?

Answer 6

1) Preterm or post-term newborns
2) <2500gm or >4000gm
3) Diabetic mothers
4) No prenatal care

Question 7

loss of heat due to being close to a cold surface (Ie, window, walls)

Answer 7

RADIATION

Question 8

Describe the mechanical factors that stimulate respirations in the newborn

Answer 8

-Catecholamines are absorbed through lymphatic system prior to birth and secreted during labor -thoracic squeeze during vaginal delivery leads to negative pressure and crying…..which causes expansion of lungs and +intrathoracic pressure keeps the alveoli open and full of oxygen

Question 9

S/S of cold stress in newborn

Answer 9

HCG HALTS H-ypoglycemia C-Cool Skin G- Grunting H-ypotonia A-Axillary temp <36.5 or 97.7 L-ethargy T-achypnea S-Suck (weak)

Question 10

This vessel shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk away from the pulmonary circuit and into the aortic arch

Answer 10

Ductus Arteriosus

Question 11

S/S of Respiratory distress

Answer 11

-Tachypnea -cyanosis -retraction -grunting -flaring nostrils -hypotonia

Question 12

This shunt permits most blood to bypass the liver as it directly enters the IVC into the right atrium

Answer 12

Ductus Venosus

Question 13

What are the “4” sensory factors

Answer 13

1) Tactile–contractions and vigorously drying infant 2) Visual–bright light 3) auditory–voices during labor & delivery 4) Olfactory–scent of mother and room

Question 14

LOSS of heat due to moisture on skin/clothes

Answer 14

EVAPORATION

Question 15

How does clamping the cord affect newborn circulation?

Answer 15

1) increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) 2) Increased blood pressure 3) increased left sided heart pressures 4) systemic venous blood flow travels to portal system

Question 16

Constriction of pulmonary arterioles leads to ______Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)

Answer 16

increased

Question 17

permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium

Answer 17

foramen ovale

Question 18

_____ weeks gestation is when surfactant is produced

Answer 18

34-36 weeks

Question 19

“4” modes of heat loss

Answer 19

Radiation - being close to a cold window/surface Evaporation - any moisture on skin/clothes Convection - loss from air flow Conduction - lost to cold surface

Question 20

loss of heat due to coming in contact with cold objects

Answer 20

CONDUCTION

Question 21

Chemical factors that initiate newborn respirations

Answer 21

-decreased Oxygen -increased Carbon dioxide -decrease in PH

Question 22

When a baby is born, he or she should begin breathing within the first _______ (time)

Answer 22

60 seconds

Question 23

Transports oxygenated nutrient rich blood from placenta to fetal liver

Answer 23

umbilical Vein

Question 24

In utero…alveoli are filled with ______

Answer 24

fluid

Question 25

explain “NON-SHIVERING THERMOGENESIS”

Answer 25

when newborn is cold it stimulates heat production via brown fat. This causes increased demand for oxygen and glucose