Newborn

Question 1

known as icterus develops with a yellowing of skin, sclera, and mucous membranes

Answer 1

jaundice

Question 2

persistent cyanosis of fingers, hands, toes, and feet with mottled blue or red discoloration and coldness

Answer 2

acrocyanosis

Question 3

A: appearance (color)
P: pulse (heart rate)
G: grimace (reflex irritability)
A: activity (muscle tone)
R: respiratory (respiratory effort)

Answer 3

APGAR score

Question 4

environment in which body temperature is maintained without an increase in metabolic rate or oxygen

Answer 4

neutral thermal environment

Question 5

weight more than 90th percentile on standard growth charts usually >9 lb

Answer 5

large for gestational age (LGA)

Question 6

weight less than the 10 percentile on standard growth charts usually > 5.5 lb

Answer 6

small for gestational age (SGA)

Question 7

pathologic counterpart of SGA

Answer 7

fetal growth restriction (FGR)

Question 8

excessive heat loss that requires a newborn to use compensatory mechanisms such as nonshivering thermogenesis and tachypnea to maintain core body temperature

Answer 8

cold stress

Question 9

composed of amniotic fluid, shed mucosal cells, intestinal secretions and blood

Answer 9

meconium

Question 10

sucking- gently stimulating newborn’s lips by touching thme
Moro- embrace occurs when startled, place on back, using a lifting motion without lifting newborn off surfacem release arms suddenly, fingers C shape
stepping- holding upright inclined forward with soles of feet touching a flat surface, should make stepping motion
tonic neck- stance of a fencer, turn baby’s head to one side arm toward which facing should extend straight out
rooting- stroking newborn’s cheek, turn toward side that was stroked and begin sucking movements
Babinski- stroking lateral sole of foot from heel toward and across ball of foot, toes should fan out
palmar and plantar grasp- palmar place a finger on newborn’s open palm close around finger attempt to remove grip tighten. Plantar similar newborn’s toes should curl over finger

Answer 10

newborn reflex

Question 11

surface tension reducing lipoprotein found in newborn’s lungs that prevents alveolar collapse at end of expiration and loss of lung volume

Answer 11

surfactant

Question 12

proccess of maintaining the balance between heat loss and heat production in order to maintain body’s core internal temperature

Answer 12

thermoregulation

Question 13

cessation of breathing that lasts 5 to 10 seconds without changes in color or heart rate

Answer 13

periodic breathing

Question 14

pearly-white or pale yellow unopened sebaceous glands that form in a newborn’s mouth and gums

Answer 14

Epstein pearls

Question 15

newborn rash is a benign, idiopathic generalized, transient rash that occurs in up to 70% of all newborns during first week of life

Answer 15

erythema toxicum

Question 16

multiple pearly-white or pale yellow unopened sebaceous glands frequently found on a newborn’s nose

Answer 16

milia

Question 17

benign blue or purple splotches that appear solitary on lower back and buttocks of newborns but may occur as multiple over legs and shoulders

Answer 17

Mongolian spots

Question 18

elongated shaping of fetal head to accommodate passage through birth canal

Answer 18

molding

Question 19

salmon patches are superficial vascular areas found on nape of neck, on the eyelids, and between the eyes and upper lip

Answer 19

stork bites

Question 20

thick white substance that protects the skin of the fetus

Answer 20

vernix caseosa

Question 21

dilation of blood vessels on only one side of the body giving the newborn the appearance of wearing a clown suit

Answer 21

harlequin sign

Question 22

port-wine stain, commonly appears on newborn’s face or other body areas

Answer 22

nevus flammeus

Question 23

strawberry mark or strawberry hemangioma, benign capillary hemangioma in dermal and subdermal layers

Answer 23

nevus vasculosus

Question 24

before 37 weeks

Answer 24

preterm neonate

Question 25

after completion of 42 weeks

Answer 25

postterm neonate

Question 26

umbrella term used to describe a range of preventable conditions, birth defects and intellectual and/or developmental disabilities resulting from prenatal exposure

Answer 26

fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)

Question 27

overproduction bilirubin which is the end product of hemoglobin breakdown

Answer 27

hyperbilirubinemia

Question 28

newborn inhales particulate meconium mixed with amniotic fluid into lungs while still in utero or on taking first breath after birth

Answer 28

meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)

Question 29

constellation of drug-withdrawal symptoms that result from chronic intrauterine exposure to a variety of substances, including opioids, barbiturates, SSRIs, alcohol, benzodiazepines, caffeine, and nicotine

Answer 29

neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)

Question 30

spina bifida and anencephaly, not enough folic acid during pregnancy

Answer 30

neural tube defect (NTD)

Question 31

breathing disorder resulting from lung immaturity and lack of alveolar surfactant which keeps the air sacs in lungs from collapsing and allows them to inflate easily

Answer 31

respiratory distress syndrome (RSD)