NEWBORN (1&2) Flashcards
flow of heat from newborn’s body surface to surrounding air
CONVECTION
eliminating drafts from windows or air conditioners reduces _____ heat loss
convection
decrease in pressure causes closure of ____, a fetal shunt
ductus arteriosus
ex: a baby placed on a cold counter or on cold base of a warming unit quickly loses heat to the colder metal surface
CONDUCTION
covering surfaces with a warmed blanket or towel
helps to minimize ____ heat loss
CONDUCTION
transfer of body heat to a cooler solid object in contact with a baby
CONDUCTION
effectiveness depends on velocity of flow (a current of air cools faster than nonmoving air)
convection
newborns are wet, so they lose a great deal of heat as
____ on their skin evaporates
amniotic fluid
as lungs inflate for the 1st time, pressure decreases in ____ (the artery leading from the heart to the lungs)
pulmonary artery
moving an infant as far from the cold surface as possible helps reduce this type of heat loss
RADIATION
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:
one ___, two ______
one umbilical vein;
two umbilical arteries
transfer of body heat to a cooler solid object not in contact with the baby, such as a cold window or air conditioner
RADIATION
be certain to remove any wet blankets used to dry infant
immediately and place infant on a warm, dry blanket
evaporation
pressure increases in left side of the heart from increased blood volume causes closure of _____
foramen ovale
prolonged coagulation or prothrombin time due to ______
decreased vit K
to prevent this heat loss, dry newborns as soon as possible,
especially their face and hair as head, a large surface area in
a newborn, can be responsible for a great amount of heat
loss
EVAPORATION
meconium is usually passed within ______
24 hours after birth
loss of heat through conversion of a liquid to a vapor
EVAPORATION
covering head with a cap after drying further reduces
possibility of _______
EVAPORATION
Present as soon as nose is clear of secretions; turn to mother’s breast out of recognition of smell of breast milk
SMELL
first breath is a major undertaking because it requires a tremendous amount of pressure about ________
40 to 70 cm H2O
sticky, tar- like, blackish-green, odorless material formed from mucus, vernix, lanugo, hormones, and carbohydrates that accumulated during intrauterine life
meconium
begins in utero and is acute after birth
HEARING
blinking at strong light or following a bright light
VISION
taste buds are developed and functioning; like sweets better
TASTE
second or third day of life, newborn stool changes becoming green and loose
transitional stool
Generalized mottling of the skin
Cyanosis
newborns who do not void within 24 hours time should be examined for the possibility
of __________
urethral stenosis or absent kidneys or ureters
Cyanosis of the trunk
Central cyanosis
____ is usually passed within 24 hours after birth.
meconium
well developed sense. Reacts to soothing touch and painful stimuli
TOUCH
Blueness of the hands and feet
Acrocyanosis
Yellow discoloration of skin caused by breakdown of RBCs after birth
Jaundice
Yellow discoloration of skin caused by breakdown of RBCs on 2nd to 3rd day after birth
Physiologic jaundice
newborn who has been lying on his side appears red on the
dependent side of the body and pale on the upper side
Harlequin sign
Yellow discoloration of skin caused by breakdown of RBCs on 1st 24 hours
Pathologic jaundice
Unconjugated bilirubin (lipid soluble) could cross the
BBB and cause ______
encephalopathy (Kernicterus)
Result of anemia
Pallor
macular purple or
dark-red lesion that is
present at birth
Nevus Flammeus
(port-wine stain)
Nevus flammeus lesion that are light and pink patches at the nape of the neck (covered by hairline)
Stork’s beak mark
Dilated vascular space; Resemble a strawberry
hemangioma but does not
disappear with time
Cavernous hemangioma
elevated areas formed by
immature capillaries and
endothelial cells
Strawberry hemangioma
Collection of pigment cells that appear as slate-gray patches across the sacrum or buttocks and possibly on arms and legs
Mongolian spots
white, cream-cheese
like substance that
serves as skin
lubricant in utero
Vernix Caseosa
peeling of some areas of the skin similar to a sunburn due to
dryness of infant’s skin
Desquamation
fine, downy hair that
covers a newborn’s
shoulders, back, and
upper arms, forehead
and ears
Lanugo
newborn rash caused by newborn’s eosinophils reacting to the environment as immune system matures
Erythema toxicum
pinpoint white papule found on cheek or across the bridge of
the nose of the newborn
Milia
circular or Linear contusion matching the rim of the blade of the forceps on the infant’s cheek; Disappears 1-2 days
Forceps Mark
Red spot on the sclera due to
pressure during birth which
ruptures a conjunctival capillary
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Head is ______ of the total body
length
¼
Prominent and asymmetric head due to its engagement in
the cervical contours
Molding
Edema of the scalp at the presenting part of the head the crosses the suture line; Disappears during the 3rd day of life
Caput Succedaneum
Separating lines of the skull
Sutures
Collection of blood between periosteum of skull bone caused by rupture of periosteal
capillary due to pressure of birth; Appears 24 hours after birth
Cephalhematoma
spaces or openings where skull bones join
Fontanelles
accumulation of blood between galea aponeurotica and membrane tissue periosteum that covers surface of a newborn’s skull
Subgaleal Hemorrhage
Thin, watery fluid secreted by the breast of newborn baby
Witch’s milk
Check for placement of ears: Low set ears may indicate a
_____
congenital anomaly
APGAR scoring system used to assess newborns at ____________ after they’re born
1 minute and 5 minutes
Small round, glistening, well-circumscribed cysts present on the palate; Extra load of calcium
Epstein’s Pearls
undescended testes
Cryptorchidism
stroke the internal side of the thigh and the testis on that side moves
Cremasteric reflex
Mucus vaginal secretions which is sometimes blood-tinged
Pseudomenstruation
meatus on ventral surface
Hypospadias
meatus on dorsal surface
Epispadias
New Ballard score examination is accurate whether the infant is sick or well to within _____
within 2 weeks of
gestational age
examination consists of 6 neuromuscular and 6 physical criteria
New Ballard score
by doing ENBS, _______ may
be detected even before clinical signs and symptoms are present.
metabolic disorders
______ created the APGAR score system in 1952
Dr. Virginia Apgar
in newborn screening, initial specimen drawn between _________
24 and 72 hours of life
antibiotic administration will increase chance of a _____ NBS
false-positive NBS
_____ is based on understanding that passive tone is more useful than active tone in indicating gestational age
neuromuscular criteria
a population-based system for
identification and early treatment of potentially
devastating medical conditions
newborn screening
A _______ means that the ENBS result is normal.
NEGATIVE SCREEN
_______ program increased the screening panel of disorders from six (6) to more than twenty-eight
expanded newborn screening
