New Zealand Flashcards
Who first planted vines on the North Island? In what yeat
1819, Christian missionary
When does actually wine production begin in NZ
1830’s with James Busby a british minister, he planted a small vineyard from french and spanish cutting in the Northland
Who is Romeo Bragato
- An Austrian viticulturist from Victoria
- He was asked to study the nations vineyards and its latest scourge phylloxera.
- He educated many growers on grafting on to American Route Stock
- He also identified many of NZ most important wine regions (aside from Marlborough)
What was the major downfall of winemaking in NZ in the 1900s and disbanded the Department of Agriculture’s Viticultural Division in 1909
Growing Temperance movement
What is 6 o’clock swill
A law making all bars close early in NZ and Australia from WWI to 1967 on the North and South Island. Many growers focused on ow quality fruit that could be sold as table grapes
Due to temperance, what variety was NZ most planted grape by the 1960s
Albany Surprise
Single bottles of wine began being allowed to be sold in a wine shop in NZ in what year?
1955
Restaurants began being able to sell wine in NZ in what year
1960
In what year coulda winery being selling a glass of wine
1976
What is NZ largest wine making company
Montana
Who established Marlborough’s first commercial vintage, in what year?
Montana
1973
Who produced NZ first varietal bottling?
What grape?
Montana
Gisbourne Chardonnay
What producer put Marlbororgh SB on the map?
What was their first vintage?
Cloudy Bay Vineyards,
1985
Where are you most likely to find sparkling wine of good quality in NZ?
Marlborogh
Put NZ 5 most planted grape varieties in order from most planted to least
SB PN Chard Pinot Gris Merlot
Who is the worlds Easternmost and Southernmost winemaking country?
New Zealand
The North Island is at the same latitude as what?
Tasmania
What provides a rain shadow for the South Island?
The Southern Alps, which block rain coming of the Tasman Sea moving from the West to the East
Which of the two islands is rainier
The north Island, less mountainous too
What is the southernmost wine region in the world?
Central Otago
NZ vineyards are generally planted on what?
Flat expanses, usually within 20 miles of the Eastern Coast
NZ has very little land to spare, so what is uncommon
Bulk wine, there is no equivalent to California’s Central Valley or Australia;s Riverland
What country commands the highest average price per bottle?
New Zealand
All NZ producers belong to what organization?
New Zealand Winegrowers
What year was New Zealand Winegrowers formed?
2002
The New Zealand Winegrowers was a joint initiative between what two groups?
Grape Growers Council x New Zealand Wine Institute
In what year did a group of NZ producers pioneer the Screwcap Initiative, even for ultra-premium bottling?
2001
Who was the first winery to release a NZ wine under screw cap?
Kim Crawford in Marlborough
What percentage of NZ wines are released with screw caps?
85%
Name the major wine regions of the North Island
Northland Auckland Waikato Bay Of Plenty Gisbourne Hawkes Bay Wairarapa
Name the major regions of the South Island
Nelson
Marlborough
Canterbury
Central Otago
NZ wines must be min. what percentage of a stated variety or vintage?
85%
What is optional for printing on a NZ bottle of wine label
Vintage and Varietal
Which of these are governed by law in NZ? Acidification Pruning Yields Irrigation techniques
None of them
Name 4 techniques in winemaking that are not governed by law in NZ
Acidification
Pruning
Yields
Irrigation techniques
What is NZ smallest area of production?
The Northisland, less than 1% of productions
What 3 grapes lead in planting in Auckland?
Chardonnay, Merlot and CS
Who now owns Montana winery?
Pernod Ricard
What are the three main viticultural hazards in the Northern part of the North Island
Rot & Frost
Name one un-official subregion of Auckland
Waiheke Island
What three subregions of the North Island is the bulk of production concentrated in?
Central and Southern Region of Gisbourne, Hawkes Bay and Wairarapa
What subregion has the driest climate in the North Island
Hawkes Bay
What are the most planted varieties in Hawkes Bay
SB & Chard (Though, they are the largest producer of red in NZ with Merlot dominating red plantings)
Who is NZ largest producer of red wines?
Hawkes Bay (merlot dominates)
What should you assosiacte with Gimblett Gravels
Areas of deep shingle soils with a great reputation for Syrah and Bordeaux blends
Name one subregion of Hawkes Bay, what grapes are they known for?
Ngatarawa ( Known for Merlot)
Esk Valley
Dartmoor Valley
Why is Hawkes Bay slated to have many diverse subregions?
Range of altitudes
Diverse and complex soil patters from Greywacke gravel to Heavey Silt to Sandy Loam
Gisbourne is also known as what?
Poverty Bay
Nelson is known for being the most of what two things?
Sunny and Rainyest of the south Island, funny enough
80% of Nelson is comprised of what plantings?
Chard, SB, Riesling, PN
What is the South Island’s smallest subregion
Nelson
Who controls nearly 2/3 of Marlborogh’s vineyards?
Montana
In 1988 who did Montana join in partnership with to make sparkling wine?
Deutz
What subregion produces half of NZ wine
Marlborough’s
What are the three major subregions of Marlborough
N-Wairau Valley
Central- Southern Valleys
S-Awatere Valley
What is the main soil type of Marlborough?
Sandy, alluvial loam topsoil over gravel, providing great drainage and limiting vine vigor
Where would you find the subregion of Waipara
Canterbury
What is NZ latest growing wineregion?
Canterbury
What are the major varieties planted in Canterbury
PN, Riesling, Chardonnay and SB
What wine growing region is the highest in alitude in NZ
Central Otago
Where would you find Pinot Noir taking center stage in NZ?
Central Otago
What is the worlds southernmost wine region?
Central Otago
Due to the enormous diurnal temperature swings, most producers in Central Otago plant their vines on?
Northern Hillside Exposures as opposed to Southern-facing slopes which can get to cool
Why is low humidity a bonus in Central Otago
Eliminates the threat of rot
What is a major viticultural hazard in Central Otago?
Spring Frosts, Growers can sometimes not coax any ripeness at all
Name three producers of Central Otago Pinot Noir
Felton Road
Mt. Difficulty
Rippon
Name four subregions of Central Otago
Wanaka
Gibbston
Alexandra
Cromwell Basin
Where are the first vines in the world to see sun each day located?
Gisborn
In Gisborn, Chardonnay has replaced what as the most planted variety
Muller Thurgau
What is Wairapara officially named?
Wellington
What is the most exported wine in NZ?
Montana’s Landauer Sparkling wine
Name three producers of Marlborough SB
Kim Crawford
Cloudy Bay
Hunter’s
In the 1960s what variety and producer hinted at long-term promise for Hawkes Bay?
McWilliams Cabernet
What two Mntn ranges provide a small rain shadow to Hawkes Bay?
The Ruahine and the Kaweka
The Rhine and the Kaweka Mountain range provide what to Hawkes bay?
Low rainfall and high temperature, perfect for ripening BDX varietals
In what NZ region would you find the Giblett Gravels sub region
Hawkes Bay
What is the moderating river of Giblett Gravels
Ngaruroro River
Name 3 major subregions of Hawkes Bay
Gimblett Gravels Ngatarawa ( Known for Merlot) Esk Valley Dartmoor Valley Bridge Pa Triangle Havelock North Hills Te Awanga
What is the most planted variety in Hawkes Bay?
Merlot
Where would you find 2/3 of NZ syrah plantings?
Hawkes Bay
Where would you most likely find PN planted on the North Island
Wairapara
Where would you find the subregion of Martinborough
Wairarapa
What is Montana now known as
Brancott
What are two major moderating rivers of Marlborough?
Wairau in the North (Wairau Valley) and Awatare in the South (Awatare Valley)
What climactic features make marlborough a good place to grow grapes
Unusual combination of long days, cold nights, bright sunshine and dry autumns
Where will you find the largest diurnal temperature swings in Marlborough?
Awatere Valley
Where will bud break begin later, The Awattere Valley or the Wairau Valley Floor
Awatere Valley
What two mountain ranges are on either side of the Wairau River
Richmond Ranges (West) Wither Hill Range (East)
Where is Waihopai Valley
Marlborough
What two bays does Marlborough bleed into
Cloudy and Clifford’s Bay
What seas/ oceans moderate NZ
Tasman in the West and Pacific in the East
North of highway 63 & 6 in Marlborough the soils are what?
Very much younger (Huge Difference in wines) in the South they are much older, but drain poorly and don’t drain properly making poorer wines
What protects Waipara from the Easternly winds off of The pacific?
The Teviotdale hills
Where is Waipara
Canterbury
What are the soils of Waipara made of?
Calcerous loam with clay and limestone
Name the 4 major subregions of hawkes bay
Gimblett Gravels- deep shingle soils for BDX and Syrah
Pridge Pa
Esk Valley
Dartmoor Valley
Bridge Pa is a subregion of where?
Hawkes Bay
Dartmoor Valley is a subregion of where?
Hawkes Bay
Gimblett Gravels is a subregion of where and lknown for what?
Hawkes bay- Deep shingle soils good for BDX blends and syrah
Esk Valley is a subregion of where?
Hawkes Bay
Gibsbourne AKA
Poverty Bay
Where are the first vines in the world to see sun every day
Gisbourne
Most planted variety in Gisbourne
Chardonnay
Where is the NI driest climate
Hawkes Bay
Name 3 soil types found in Hawkes Bay
Greywacke Gravel, Sandy Loam, Heavy Silt
Where would you find Greywacke Gravel
Hawkes Bay
Wairarapara is officially known as what?
Wellington
Where is the capitol of NZ and what is it
Wairarapara the capitol is Wellington
Most important subregion of Wairarapara, what is predominately grown
Martibourough- PN & SB
Major viticultural concerns for Northland, Auckland and Gisbourne
Rot and frost- rainy maritime climate
What creates the rain shadow for the South island
The Southern Alps provide rain shadow from the Tasman Sea (the clouds move W-E)
What is unique about Nelsons climate
Sunniest wine production region
Also the raniest region on the South Island
Marlborough sparkling wine had a major uptick with the joining of what two forcecs
Montana X Deutz in 1988
Sub regions of Marlborough
Wairu Valley
Southern Valleys
Awatare Valley
Wairu Valley Is located where?
marlborough
Southern Valleys Is located where?
marlborough
Awatare Valley Is located where?
marlborough
Waipara is located where?
Canterbury
What is the most important subregion of Canterbury
Waipara
What is the general soil type of the subregions in Marlborough
Sandy Alluvial Loam over Gravel
Where would you find the highest altitude vineyards in NZ
Central Otago
Central Otage Vitivuclutral concerns
Spring Frosts
Sub Regions of Central Otago
Wanaka
Gibbston
Alexandra
Cromwell Basin
Wanka is a subregion of what?
Central Otago
Gibbston is a subregion of what?
Central Otago
Alexandra is a subregion of what?
Central OTago
Cromwell Basin is a subregion of what?
Central Otago
Name 3 producers in central otago
Felton Road
Mt. Difficulty
Rippon
