NEW Unit Test 4 Review

Question 1

Treating patients with inadequate respirations

Answer 1

Immediately secure and maintain airway check mouth and throat for obstructions, and ventilate if needed

Question 2

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine actions

Answer 2

Caused changes such as increases in the heart rate and strength in cardiac contractions. Also causes vasoconstriction in nonessential areas (primarily in the skin and gastrointestinal tract)

Question 3

First step in primary survey

Answer 3

CHECK LIFE THREATS INJURIES FIRST

Question 4

Non Cardiovascular Shocks

Answer 4

Anaphylaxis - severe allergic reaction
Hypovolemic - decreased blood volume
Psychogenic - blood vessels dilate super large (scare)

Question 5

Different Kinds of Shocks

Answer 5

Septic - severe infection that occurs hypovelima
Neurogenic - spinal injury typically to the cervical vertebrae
Cardiogenic - pump failure in the heart and heart cannot pump out enough blood for the volume of the body, can occur immediately or after 24 hours.

Question 6

Basic Causes of shock

Answer 6

Pump Failure : heart attack, trauma to the heart) obstructive causes (pulmonary embolism)
Low Fluid Volume : trauma to vessels or tissues, fluid loss from GI tract, ( vomiting/ diarrhea can also lower the fluid component of blood)
Poor Vessel Function: infection, drug overdose (narcotic, spinal cord injury, and anaphylaxis)

Question 7

Regulation of blood flow

Answer 7

Determined by cellular need and is accomplished by vessel constriction or dialation and maintained by perfusion.

Question 8

Nitroglycerin patch & what to do with it

Answer 8

If the patient has a nitroglycerin patch when you arrive, be sure to carefully remover it if the patient is hypotensive or in cardiac arrest (before using AED)

Question 9

Scenario Question with apneic and pulseless patient

Answer 9

ASK RYAN

Question 10

If bystander CPR is in progress what to do next:

Answer 10

Assess effectiveness by palpating the femoral or carotid pulse. If you feel pulse stop stop compressions. If the loose the pulse when compressions stop, resume compressions.

Question 11

Oxygenated & Deoxygenated blood

Answer 11

Pulmonary Veins - carry oxygenated blood to the heart and all other veins and arteries carry deoxygenated
Pulmonary Arteries - carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart

Question 12

Cardiogenic Shock

Answer 12

Often caused by a heart attack the problem is that the heart lacks enough power to force the proper volume of blood through the circulatory system. Can occur immediately or as late as 24 hours after the onset of AMI

Acute myocardial infarction

Question 13

If patient is seizing and vomiting what to do next:

Answer 13

Turn patients head to the side, suction the patients mouth, place an NPA.

Question 14

What does Hypoglycemia mimic and how to check for it

Answer 14

Stroke and check the glucose for altered mental status if allowed by your local protocol

Question 15

Difference between Hemorrhagic and Ischemic

Answer 15

Ischemic - When blood flow to a particular part of the brain is stopped by a blockage inside a blood vessel.
Hemorrhagic - A blood vessel ruptures and the accumulated blood then forms a blood clot, which compresses the brain tissue next to it. (Bleeding inside the brain) intracranial pressure which causes severe headache

Question 16

Intracranial Pressure signs and symptoms

Answer 16

Severe headache which can lead into hemorrhagic strokes

Question 17

Left and Right Hemispheres

Answer 17

Left hemisphere affected by a stroke may exhibit a speech disorder (aphasia), the inability to produce or understand speech.
Right hemisphere is not getting enough blood, the patient will have trouble moving the muscles on the left side of the body. Patient will understand the language but the words may slurred and hard to understand.

Question 18

Scenario with AMS

Answer 18

Check blood sugar & mental status is not likely to improve

Question 19

Patient is pulseless and apenic

Answer 19

Your assessment of the patients circulation should begin with checking the pulse if the patients us unresponsive. If no pulse is found, begin CPR and attach an AED.

Question 20

Subarachnoid

Answer 20

When the aneurysm is overstretched and ruptures, blood spurts into an area between 2 of the coverings of the brain called the subarachnoid space.

Question 21

Stroke and Hypoglycemia

Answer 21

Because oxygen and glucose are needed for brain metabolism, a patient with hypoglycemia may present like a patient who is having a stroke. Both have altered mental status so check blood glucose level.
A patient who had a stroke may be alert and attempting to communicate normally. Hypoglycemia patient almost always has altered mental status or decreased LOC.

Question 22

Appendicitis

Answer 22

Inflammation or infection of the appendix. Pain is in lower right quadrant of abdomen. Can cause referred pain as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, chills and rebound tenderness

Question 23

Cholecystitis

Answer 23

Inflammation of the wall of the gallbladder usually from gallstones. Severe pain in the upper right or mid abdominal region and may refer to the upper right back, shoulder area, or flank. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, indigestion, bloating, gas, and belching.

Question 24

Pancreatitis

Answer 24

Inflammation of the pancreas caused by instructing gallstones alcohol abuse and other diseases. Pain in the upper right and left quadrants and may radiate to the back. Symptoms are nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, tenderness, potentially cause a fever, tachycardia( fast heart rate).

Question 25

OPQRST

Answer 25

Onset- When did problem begin
Provocation - better or worse
Quality - What the pain feels like
Region - Where does the pain hurt or does it radiate anywhere else
Severity - On a scale from 1 to 10 how bad does the pain hurt
Timing -What were you doing when the pain started

Question 26

Tenderness
Referred pain
Guarding
Rebound tenderness

Answer 26

Tenderness - Pain to the touch
Referred Pain - pain felt in an area of the body other than where the cause of pain is located (back or shoulder)
Guarding - Effort to protect the inflamed abdomen
Rebound tenderness - Patient will feel pain when the pressure is released. (Appendicitis)

Question 27

PUD

Answer 27

Peptic Ulcer Disease- little ulcers that eat away at the stomach lining that can cause infections
Experience a classic sequence of burning or waning pain in the stomach diminished immediately after eating and then reemerges after 2 or 3 hours later. Upper abdomen but may also be found below the sternum. Nausea, vomiting, belching, and heartburn.

Question 28

AAA

Answer 28

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
A pulsating mass may be felt in the abdomen, rarely associated with symptoms because it occurs slowly, SEVERE BACK PAIN, handle patient gently

Question 29

Esophageal Varices

Answer 29

Occur when the amount of pressure within the blood vessels surrounding the esophagus increases, frequently as a result of liver failure.
Hematemesis ( vomiting of blood)

Question 30

Liver

Answer 30

Liver: Assits in digestion by secreting bile, which aids in the digestion of fats. Also filters, toxic substances, produced by digestion, creates glucose stores, and produces substances for blood clotting and immune function.

Question 31

Pancreas

Answer 31

Pancreas: Secretes juice containing enzymes that help break down starches, fats, and proteins. Also produces bicarbonate which neutralizes the stomach acid in the duodenum and inulin helps regulate the levels of glucose in the bloodstream.

Question 32

Spleen

Answer 32

Spleen: Assists in the filtration of blood, aids in the development of red blood cells, and serves as a blood reservoir. Also produces antibodies to help the body fight off disease and infection. (Nothing to do with digestive system)

Question 33

Kidneys

Answer 33

Kidneys: Regulation of acid base balance and blood pressure.

Question 34

Solid Organs

Answer 34

More susceptible to bleeding

Question 35

PID

Answer 35

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Infection of the upper female reproductive organs (uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes)
Disease causing organisms enter the vagina during sexual activity and migrate through the cervix and into the uterine cavity. The infection may expand into the Fallopian tubes that can increase the risk of life threatening ectopic pregnancy.

Question 36

Chlamydia

Answer 36

Chlamydia - lower abdominal pain, nausea, fever, pain during sexual intercourse, and/or bleeding between menstrual periods.

Question 37

Bacterial Vaginosis

Answer 37

Bacterial Vaginosis - Symptoms include itching, fishy smelling fouling discharge, burning and pain.
Age 15-44

Question 38

Gonorrhea

Answer 38

Gonorrhea -Symptoms include painful urination, associated with burning and itching; yellowish or bloody discharge with foul odor, and blood associated with sexual intercourse. More severe infections may present with cramping and abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and bleeding between menstrual periods
Worse in men and bacteria in moist areas

Question 39

Syphilis

Answer 39

idk

Question 40

If patient refuses transport

Answer 40

Follow your systems refusal of treatment policy and make sure to get a refusal.

Question 41

What to do with patient vagina bleeding, rapid or weak pulse, pale, cool or diaphoretic skin:

Answer 41

Place patient in supine position, cover the patient to keep her warm, and then transport receiving facility.

Question 42

What can lead to premature birth

Answer 42

Bacterial Vaginosis

Question 43

Treating a rape victim

Answer 43

Dont ask patient for a detailed report of what just happened, If possible female rape victim should be treated with female EMT, don’t cut through any clothing and don’t throw anything away, don’t examine genatalia unless major bleeding and if object has bene placed in vagina DO NOT REMOVE IT, discourage patient from bathing or cleaning any wounds, complete SAMPLE history objectively, and document patients history, assessment, treatment, and treatments response for upcoming court dates.

Question 44

APGAR

Answer 44

1205

Question 45

Ventilation rates of newborn

Answer 45

Cover the newborns mouth and nose with mask and begin ventilation with high flow oxygen at a rate of 40-60 breathes per minute.

Question 46

Eclampsia

Answer 46

Seizures that occurs or results of hypertension
Treat with laying patient to the left side, maintain airway, supply oxygen, transport and call for ALS intervention is possible.

Question 47

Abrupto Placenta

Answer 47

Placenta that separates prematurely from the wall of the uterus

Question 48

Supine hypotensive syndrome

Answer 48

Low pressure due to compression of the inferior vena cava by the pregnant uterus when the patient lies supine, reducing the amount of blood that is returned to the heart

Question 49

Placenta Previa

Answer 49

Placenta develops over and covers the cervix
Symptoms - high blood loss and little pain
Causes -hypotension and trauma

Question 50

Prolapsed Corp

Answer 50

When the umbilical cord wraps around any part of the baby

Question 51

Neonatal Resuscitation

Answer 51

Hand circling technique for 2 person resuscitation , IF FEWER THAN 60 BEATS PER MINUTE reassess newborn every 90 seconds until heart rate and respirations are normal, begin chess compressions and call for ALS backup, and if heart rate doesn’t go down medication and ALS will be needed. 15 to 30 seconds after birth crying should begin and heart rate is 120 beats or higher

Question 52

Immediately after baby birth

Answer 52

Hand newborn to mother or place on abdomen for skin to skin contact, wrap baby in towel for warmth,, APGAR score, cut the umbilical cord( place clamps 2 to 4 inches apart), keep the head down slightly to help prevent aspiration.

Question 53

Suctioning the baby

Answer 53

mouth, nose, mouth
After delivery and prior to cutting the cord, if the child is gurgling or shows other signs of respiratory distress, suction the mouth or oropharynx to clear any amniotic fluid and facilitate the infants initiation of air exchange.

Question 54

Angina

Answer 54

Stable - treat angina with rest, oxygen, or nitroglycerin tablets and when it gets better
Unstable - decreasing in stimulus and it gets worse

Question 55

When to give aspirin

Answer 55

acute cardiac event