New Testament - Gospels Anthology - Ethics Flashcards
Study The Holy Bible (NRSV) - New Testament - The Gospels Anthology regarding ethics of Jesus Christ
Matthew 5:21 - 5:26
Anger, Judgement & Reconciliation
The Holy Bible (NRSV) - New Testament - Matthew 5
21 “You have heard that it was said to those of ancient times, ‘You shall not murder,’ and ‘whoever murders shall be liable to judgment.’
22 But I say to you that if you are angry with a brother or sister, you will be liable to judgment, and if you insult a brother or sister, you will be liable to the council, and if you say, ‘You fool,’ you will be liable to the hell of fire.
23 So when you are offering your gift at the altar, if you remember that your brother or sister has something against you, 24 leave your gift there before the altar and go; first be reconciled to your brother or sister, and then come and offer your gift.
25 Come to terms quickly with your accuser while you are on the way to court with him, or your accuser may hand you over to the judge and the judge to the guard, and you will be thrown into prison. 26 Truly I tell you, you will never get out until you have paid the last penny.
Scripture:
* Exodus 20:13 - “You shall not murder.”
* [Deuteronomy 5:17](https://www.bible.com/bible/3523/DEU.5.17 - “‘You shall not murder.”
Definitions:
* Reconcile - settle, resolve; to restore to friendship or harmony
Context: Jesus speaks about a series of ethics after the Beatitudes (Matthew 5:3-12)
Situation:
Matthew 4:23 Jesus went throughout all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the good news of the kingdom and curing every disease and every sickness among the people.
Location: the mountain
Matthew 4:25 And great crowds followed him from Galilee, the Decapolis, Jerusalem, Judea, and from beyond the Jordan.
Matthew 5:1 When Jesus saw the crowds, he went up the mountain, and after he sat down, his disciples came to him.
Audience: Jesus’s 12 Disciples
Matthew 5:2 And he began to speak and taught them.
Matthew 5:27 - 5:30
Against Adultery
The Holy Bible (NRSV) - New Testament - Matthew 5
27 “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall not commit adultery.’
28 But I say to you that everyone who looks at a woman with lust has already committed adultery with her in his heart.
29 If your right eye causes you to sin, tear it out and throw it away; it is better for you to lose one of your members than for your whole body to be thrown into hell.
30 And if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away; it is better for you to lose one of your members than for your whole body to go into hell.
Scripture:
* Exodus 20:14 - “You shall not commit adultery.”
* Deuteronomy 5:18 - “Neither shall you commit adultery.”
Definitions:
* Adultery - intercourse between a married person and someone other than that person’s current spouse
Context: Jesus speaks about a series of ethics after the Beatitudes (Matthew 5:3-12)
Situation:
Matthew 4:23 Jesus went throughout all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the good news of the kingdom and curing every disease and every sickness among the people.
Location: the mountain
Matthew 4:25 And great crowds followed him from Galilee, the Decapolis, Jerusalem, Judea, and from beyond the Jordan.
Matthew 5:1 When Jesus saw the crowds, he went up the mountain, and after he sat down, his disciples came to him.
Audience: Jesus’s 12 Disciples
Matthew 5:2 And he began to speak and taught them.
Matthew 5:31 - 5:32
Divorce & Adultery
The Holy Bible (NRSV) - New Testament - Matthew 5
31 “It was also said, ‘Whoever divorces his wife, let him give her a certificate of divorce.’
32 But I say to you that anyone who divorces his wife, except on the ground of sexual immorality, causes her to commit adultery, and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery.
Scripture:
* Exodus 20:14 - “You shall not commit adultery.”
* Deuteronomy 5:18 - “Neither shall you commit adultery.”
Definitions:
* Adultery - intercourse between a married person and someone other than that person’s current spouse
Context: Jesus speaks about a series of ethics after the Beatitudes (Matthew 5:3-12)
Situation:
Matthew 4:23 Jesus went throughout all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the good news of the kingdom and curing every disease and every sickness among the people.
Location: the mountain
Matthew 4:25 And great crowds followed him from Galilee, the Decapolis, Jerusalem, Judea, and from beyond the Jordan.
Matthew 5:1 When Jesus saw the crowds, he went up the mountain, and after he sat down, his disciples came to him.
Audience: Jesus’s 12 Disciples
Matthew 5:2 And he began to speak and taught them.
Mark 10:2 - 10:12
Divorce & Adultery
The Holy Bible (NRSV) - New Testament - Mark 10
2 Some, testing him, asked, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife?”
3 He answered them, “What did Moses command you?” 4 They said, “Moses allowed a man to write a certificate of dismissal and to divorce her.” 5 But Jesus said to them, “Because of your hardness of heart he wrote this commandment for you.
6 But from the beginning of creation, ‘God made them male and female.’ 7 ‘For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, 8 and the two shall become one flesh.’ So they are no longer two but one flesh. 9 Therefore what God has joined together, let no one separate.”
10 Then in the house the disciples asked him again about this matter.
11 He said to them, “Whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery against her, 12 and if she divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adultery.”
Scripture:
* Exodus 20:14 - “You shall not commit adultery.”
* Deuteronomy 5:18 - “Neither shall you commit adultery.”
Definitions:
* Adultery - intercourse between a married person and someone other than that person’s current spouse
Context: Jesus teaches to the crowds (Mark10:1)
Situation:
Mark10:1 He left that place and went to the region of Judea and beyond the Jordan. And crowds again gathered around him, and, as was his custom, he again taught them.
Location: The region of Judea and beyond the Jordan. (Mark:10:1)
Audience: The crowds (Mark10:1)
Matthew 5:2 And he began to speak and taught them.
Matthew 5:33 - 5:37
Oath Making
The Holy Bible (NRSV) - New Testament - Matthew 5
33 “Again, you have heard that it was said to those of ancient times, ‘You shall not swear falsely, but carry out the vows you have made to the Lord.’
34 But I say to you: Do not swear at all, either by heaven, for it is the throne of God,
35 or by the earth, for it is his footstool, or by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great King.
36 And do not swear by your head, for you cannot make one hair white or black.
37 Let your word be ‘Yes, Yes’ or ‘No, No’; anything more than this comes from the evil one.
Definitions:
* Swear - to utter or take solemnly (an oath).
* Oath - a solemn usually formal calling upon God to witness to the truth of what one says or to witness that one sincerely intends to do what one says.
Context: Jesus speaks about a series of ethics after the Beatitudes (Matthew 5:3-12)
Situation:
Matthew 4:23 Jesus went throughout all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the good news of the kingdom and curing every disease and every sickness among the people.
Location: the mountain
Matthew 4:25 And great crowds followed him from Galilee, the Decapolis, Jerusalem, Judea, and from beyond the Jordan.
Matthew 5:1 When Jesus saw the crowds, he went up the mountain, and after he sat down, his disciples came to him.
Audience: Jesus’s 12 Disciples
Matthew 5:2 And he began to speak and taught them.
Matthew 5:38 - 5:42
Against Retaliation
The Holy Bible (NRSV) - New Testament - Matthew 5
38 “You have heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.’
39 But I say to you: Do not resist an evildoer. But if anyone strikes you on the right cheek, turn the other also,
40 and if anyone wants to sue you and take your shirt, give your coat as well,
41 and if anyone forces you to go one mile, go also the second mile.
42 Give to the one who asks of you, and do not refuse anyone who wants to borrow from you.
Scripture:
* Exodus 21:22-27
* Leviticus 24:19-20
* Deuteronomy 19:19-21
Definitions:
* Retaliate - to return like for like.
Context: Jesus speaks about a series of ethics after the Beatitudes (Matthew 5:3-12)
Situation:
Matthew 4:23 Jesus went throughout all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the good news of the kingdom and curing every disease and every sickness among the people.
Location: the mountain
Matthew 4:25 And great crowds followed him from Galilee, the Decapolis, Jerusalem, Judea, and from beyond the Jordan.
Matthew 5:1 When Jesus saw the crowds, he went up the mountain, and after he sat down, his disciples came to him.
Audience: Jesus’s 12 Disciples
Matthew 5:2 And he began to speak and taught them.
Matthew 5:43 - 5:48
Love & Pray for Enemies
The Holy Bible (NRSV) - New Testament - Matthew 5
43 “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.’
44 But I say to you: Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you,
45 so that you may be children of your Father in heaven, for he makes his sun rise on the evil and on the good and sends rain on the righteous and on the unrighteous.
46 For if you love those who love you, what reward do you have? Do not even the tax collectors do the same?
47 And if you greet only your brothers and sisters, what more are you doing than others? Do not even the gentiles do the same?
48 Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.
Scripture:
* Leviticus 19:18 - “You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against any of your people, but you shall love your neighbor as yourself: I am the Lord.”
Definitions:
* Persecute - to cause to suffer because of belief.
* Righteous - free from guilt or sin
* Gentiles - a person of a non-Jewish nation or of non-Jewish faith
Context: Jesus speaks about a series of ethics after the Beatitudes (Matthew 5:3-12)
Situation:
Matthew 4:23 Jesus went throughout all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the good news of the kingdom and curing every disease and every sickness among the people.
Location: the mountain
Matthew 4:25 And great crowds followed him from Galilee, the Decapolis, Jerusalem, Judea, and from beyond the Jordan.
Matthew 5:1 When Jesus saw the crowds, he went up the mountain, and after he sat down, his disciples came to him.
Audience: Jesus’s 12 Disciples
Matthew 5:2 And he began to speak and taught them.
Luke 6:27 - 6:36
Love Your Enemies
The Holy Bible (NRSV) - New Testament - Luke 6
27 “But I say to you who are listening: Love your enemies; do good to those who hate you; 28 bless those who curse you; pray for those who mistreat you.
29 If anyone strikes you on the cheek, offer the other also, and from anyone who takes away your coat do not withhold even your shirt.
30 Give to everyone who asks of you, and if anyone takes away what is yours, do not ask for it back again.
31 Do to others as you would have them do to you.
32 “If you love those who love you, what credit is that to you? For even sinners love those who love them.
33 If you do good to those who do good to you, what credit is that to you? For even sinners do the same. 34 If you lend to those from whom you expect to receive payment, what credit is that to you? Even sinners lend to sinners, to receive as much again.
35 Instead, love your enemies, do good, and lend, expecting nothing in return. Your reward will be great, and you will be children of the Most High, for he himself is kind to the ungrateful and the wicked.
36 Be merciful, just as your Father is merciful.
Definitions:
* Mercy - a blessing that is an act of divine favor or compassion
* Bless - to hallow or consecrate by religious rite or word
Context: Jesus speaks about a series of ethics after Blessing & Woes (Luke 6:20-26) (i.e. Beatitudes)
Situation: Jesus Taught and Healed (Luke 6:18)
Location: down (Luke 6:17) from the mountain (Luke 6:12)
Audience: The twelve disciples (Luke 6:20), in front of the crowds (Luke 6:19)
Matthew 6:16 - 6:18
Private Fasting
The Holy Bible (NRSV) - New Testament - Matthew 6
16 “And whenever you fast, do not look somber, like the hypocrites, for they mark their faces to show others that they are fasting. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward.
17 But when you fast, put oil on your head and wash your face, 18 so that your fasting may be seen not by others but by your Father who is in secret, and your Father who sees in secret will reward you.
Definitions:
* Fasting - to abstain from food.
Context: Jesus speaks about a series of ethics after the Beatitudes (Matthew 5:3-12)
Situation:
Matthew 4:23 Jesus went throughout all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the good news of the kingdom and curing every disease and every sickness among the people.
Location: the mountain
Matthew 4:25 And great crowds followed him from Galilee, the Decapolis, Jerusalem, Judea, and from beyond the Jordan.
Matthew 5:1 When Jesus saw the crowds, he went up the mountain, and after he sat down, his disciples came to him.
Audience: Jesus’s 12 Disciples
Matthew 5:2 And he began to speak and taught them.
Matthew 6:19 - 6-21
Store Treasure in Heaven
The Holy Bible (NRSV) - New Testament - Matthew 6
19 “Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust consume and where thieves break in and steal,
20 but store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust consumes and where thieves do not break in and steal.
21 For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.
Context: Jesus speaks about a series of ethics after the Beatitudes (Matthew 5:3-12)
Situation:
Matthew 4:23 Jesus went throughout all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the good news of the kingdom and curing every disease and every sickness among the people.
Location: the mountain
Matthew 4:25 And great crowds followed him from Galilee, the Decapolis, Jerusalem, Judea, and from beyond the Jordan.
Matthew 5:1 When Jesus saw the crowds, he went up the mountain, and after he sat down, his disciples came to him.
Audience: Jesus’s 12 Disciples
Matthew 5:2 And he began to speak and taught them.
Matthew 7:1 - 7:5
Do Not Judge
The Holy Bible (NRSV) - New Testament - Matthew 7
1 “Do not judge, so that you may not be judged.
2 For the judgment you give will be the judgment you get, and the measure you give will be the measure you get.
3 Why do you see the speck in your neighbor’s eye but do not notice the log in your own eye?
4 Or how can you say to your neighbor, ‘Let me take the speck out of your eye,’ while the log is in your own eye?
5 You hypocrite, first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to take the speck out of your neighbor’s eye.
Context: Jesus speaks about a series of ethics after the Beatitudes (Matthew 5:3-12)
Situation:
Matthew 4:23 Jesus went throughout all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the good news of the kingdom and curing every disease and every sickness among the people.
Location: the mountain
Matthew 4:25 And great crowds followed him from Galilee, the Decapolis, Jerusalem, Judea, and from beyond the Jordan.
Matthew 5:1 When Jesus saw the crowds, he went up the mountain, and after he sat down, his disciples came to him.
Audience: Jesus’s 12 Disciples
Matthew 5:2 And he began to speak and taught them.
Luke 6:37 - 6:42
Do Not Judge
The Holy Bible (NRSV) - New Testament - Luke 6
37 “Do not judge, and you will not be judged; do not condemn, and you will not be condemned. Forgive, and you will be forgiven;
38 give, and it will be given to you. A good measure, pressed down, shaken together, running over, will be put into your lap, for the measure you give will be the measure you get back.”
39 He also told them a parable: “Can a blind person guide a blind person? Will not both fall into a pit?
40 A disciple is not above the teacher, but every disciple who is fully qualified will be like the teacher.
41 Why do you see the speck in your neighbor’s eye but do not notice the log in your own eye?
42 Or how can you say to your neighbor, ‘Friend, let me take out the speck in your eye,’ when you yourself do not see the log in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to take the speck out of your neighbor’s eye.
Definitions:
* Judge -
* Condemn -
* Forgive -
Context: Jesus speaks about a series of ethics after Blessing & Woes (Luke 6:20-26) (i.e. Beatitudes)
Situation: Jesus Taught and Healed (Luke 6:18)
Location: down (Luke 6:17) from the mountain (Luke 6:12)
Audience: The twelve disciples (Luke 6:20), in front of the crowds (Luke 6:19)
Matthew 7:12
Do to Others
The Holy Bible (NRSV) - New Testament - Matthew 7
12 “In everything do to others as you would have them do to you, for this is the Law and the Prophets.”
Context: Jesus speaks about a series of ethics after the Beatitudes (Matthew 5:3-12)
Situation:
Matthew 4:23 Jesus went throughout all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the good news of the kingdom and curing every disease and every sickness among the people.
Location: the mountain
Matthew 4:25 And great crowds followed him from Galilee, the Decapolis, Jerusalem, Judea, and from beyond the Jordan.
Matthew 5:1 When Jesus saw the crowds, he went up the mountain, and after he sat down, his disciples came to him.
Audience: Jesus’s 12 Disciples
Matthew 5:2 And he began to speak and taught them.
Matthew 19:3 - 19:9
On Marriage and Divorce
The Holy Bible (NRSV) - New Testament - Matthew 19
3 Some Pharisees came to him, and to test him they asked, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any cause?”
4 He answered, “Have you not read that the one who made them at the beginning ‘made them male and female,’
5 and said, ‘For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh’?
6 So they are no longer two but one flesh. Therefore what God has joined together, let no one separate.”
7 They said to him, “Why then did Moses command us to give a certificate of dismissal and to divorce her?”
8 He said to them, “It was because you were so hard-hearted that Moses allowed you to divorce your wives, but from the beginning it was not so.
9 And I say to you, whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another commits adultery, and he who marries a divorced woman commits adultery.”
Context: Jesus is tested by Pharisees about divorce (Matthew 19:3)
Situation: After a series of parables, Jesus travels & cures the crowds (Matthew 19:2)
Location: the region of Judea beyond the Jordan (Matthew 19:1)
Audience: the Pharisees and the crowds (Matthew 2-3)
Matthew 19:10 - 19:12
On Not Marrying
The Holy Bible (NRSV) - New Testament - Matthew 19
10 The disciples said to him, “If such is the case of a man with his wife, it is better not to marry.”
11 But he said to them, “Not everyone can accept this teaching, but only those to whom it is given.
12 For there are eunuchs who have been so from birth, and there are eunuchs who have been made eunuchs by others, and there are eunuchs who have made themselves eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. Let anyone accept this who can.”
Context: The 12 Disciples react to ethics on divorce (Matthew 19:3)
Situation: After a series of parables, Jesus travels & cures the crowds (Matthew 19:2)
Location: the region of Judea beyond the Jordan (Matthew 19:4-9)
Audience: The 12 Disciples (Matthew 10), the Pharisees and the crowds (Matthew 2-3)
