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new psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

what is psychology?

A

the study of the mind, people and behaviour as opposed to just a study of the mind

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2
Q

what is the difference between clinical and educational sport psychologist?

A

travel of the intervention, clinical psychologist take “abnormal” clients to normal clients and educational sport psychologist work with normal clients to supernormal athletes

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3
Q

what is a clinical sport psychologist ?

A

usually clinically trained and work with clinical issues the athlete might be experiencing such as eating disorders or depression.
attempt to try and bring ‘abnormal’ back to normal

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4
Q

what is self-handicapping?

A

self-attributional process which , win or lose, protects self-esteem

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5
Q

what are signs of self-handicapping?

A

missing practice, less effort, poor behaviour (drinking alcohol and taking drugs)

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6
Q

when scheduling reinforcement what is important to consider?

A

the time and frequency which can be split up into continuous and intermittent

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7
Q

what is continuous scheduling reinforcement ?

A

reinforcement occurs after each response

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8
Q

what is intermittent scheduling reinforcement?

A

reinforcement occur after some response

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9
Q

pros and cons of continuous?

A

quicker results

quicker extinction of targeted behaviour

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10
Q

pros and cons of intermittent

A

longer term retention of targeted behaviour.

longer time to condition behaviour

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11
Q

what is reinforcement ?

A

both reward and punishment

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12
Q

what is the different between positive and negative reinforcement ?

A

positive is the addition of something

negative is the removal of something

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13
Q

positive reward?

A

the addition of a pleasant event after targeted behaviour has been presented
for example, win the game get a trophy

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14
Q

negative reward

A

removal of unpleasant event after wanted behaviour has been shown
for example, coach stop nagging when player arrives on time

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15
Q

positive punishment ?

A

the addition of unpleasant event following unwanted behaviour
for example, tidy up games hall once every one has left because you cam elate

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16
Q

negative punishment ?

A

the removal of pleasant event following unwanted behaviour

for example, can’t play on the team next week because your behaviour was bad during training

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17
Q

generalisation?

A

the tendency of a conditioned behaviour to evoke similar stimuli response after the response has been conditioned

18
Q

extinction?

A

the gradual elimination of tendency to perform a response

19
Q

shaping?

A

idea of rewarding behaviour in which is a successful approximation of targeted behaviour

start with big boundaries gradually minimise them ignoring those furthest away from targeted behaviour to get desired behaviour

20
Q

operant conditioning ?

A

form of learning which voluntary response is strengthened or reduced by its consequence

21
Q

classical conditioning?

A

process which one learns how to link 2 or more stimuli in their minds and react to one as tho it was the other

for example , reaction to opponents leading to a false start

22
Q

what is weiners attributional model?

A

locus of causality - internal or external
stability - stable or unstable
ability, task difficulty , effort and luck weather referee

23
Q

what is the attributional theory ?

A

explanations we give ourselves when something happens

24
Q

what is attribution process?

A 
event
outcome
post event analysis
attribution/explanation
affective réponse and future explanations
motivation for subsequent participation
25
Q

what are the attentional focuses ?

A

broad internal, broad external (collecting and assessing environment)
narrow internal , narrow external (focus on a target and perform task)

26
Q

what are the examples of broad external and narrow external ?

A 
broad external (collecting and assessing environment) defender analysing pitch to see who has the ball, where opposition are
narrow external (focus on single target and perform a task) focus on ball just before serve in tennis
27
Q

define group cohesion

A

dynamic process that is related in a groups tendency to perform a task well to achieve its goal and experiencing satisfaction and liking other group members

28
Q

what are the 2 types of cohesion

A

social cohesion and task cohesion

29
Q

what is task cohesion?

A

how well team members work together to achieve metal team goal.
for example, team playing well on pitch to win cup

30
Q

what is social cohesion?

A

to what extent do team members like each other and enjoy being in each others company
for example, same football team spend time together after training and go out for dinner

31
Q

what is social facilitation?

A

the preseonse of others facilitate performance when task is simple and well-learned and deliberate performance when task is un-learned or is complex.

32
Q

implications to practice for social facilitation?

A

avoid observing and audience during practice, take note of what characterises of the crowd effect/ impact the athlete/ students performance, develop strategies which will maintain confidence when playing in front of an (interactive) audience.

33
Q

what factors might influence performances when playing infant of an audience?

A

crowd density, crowd size, intimacy

34
Q

what is arousal ?

A

a blend of physiological and psychology activity in a person and it refers to the intensity of dimension of motivation at a particular moment

35
Q

what is anxiety ?

A

negative emotion state characterise day nervousness, worry and apprehension and associated with activation or arousal of the body

36
Q

what are the 2 components of anxiety?

A

somatic - symptoms a person experience when in anxiety such as butterflies in stomach

cognitive - specific thoughts that occur when in anxiety such as worry or apprehension

37
Q

what is state anxiety

A

situation specific anxiety response at a given point in time that can change from moment to moment

38
Q

what is trait anxiety

A

behavioural tendency or a stable predisposition to feel anxiety across varies of situation (personal trait)

39
Q

describe the drive theory (spence and spence)

A

the relationship between arousal and performance is positive and linear because as arousal increase, so does performance

40
Q

limitations to drive theory ?

A

is high arousal ALWAYS associated with high performance ?

41
Q

what is the inverted u-hypthesis (oxen dine)

A

relationship between arousal and performance is a curvilinear
says performance is poor at low or high arousal and is best at intermediate levels

42
Q

individualised zones of optimal functioning

A

top athletes has izou state anxiety which their best performance occurs. outside of the zone, performance is poor

new psychology ones (1 decks)

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