NEW Protestant Reformation Deck Flashcards
Ulrich Zwingli
Tried to stop anabaptist my prosecuting anabaptists but the religion spread.
John Wycliffe
Spoke out against the papacy and got burned at the stake for it.
John Huss
Disagreed with the ways of the Roman Catholic Church “over 100 years before Martin Luther” and was burned at the stake for it.
Martin Luther
A monk who at the age of 40 developed the doctrine of justification by faith alone. He disagreed with indulgences so he posted the 95 thesis on the door of the castle church. After being excommunicated by the church, German princes secluded him so he could secretly translate the bible into German.
Pope Leo x
A pope who refused Martin Luther when Luther requested the pope to correct the abuse of indulgences.
Diet of worms
A formal council against the common rebellious monks in order to defend Roman Catholicism.
Charles v
Was the most powerful ruler of his day because he inherited the lands of Austria from his four grandparents who were strategically royally married by Maximilian. Charles outlawed Martin Luther and signed the treaty of Augsburg.
Fundamental beliefs of Catholicism
There is no salvation outside of Catholicism. Asking saints for specific needs, and purgatory.
Fundamental beliefs of Lutheranism
Justification through faith alone.people did good deeds because they possessed the grace of God.
Holy Roman Empire
All of the German states.
Mysticism
Belief that the individual soul could in perfect solitude, commune directly with God.-without need of church nor reason.
The Habsburg family
The archduke of Austria became emperor, his family name was Habsburg. They managed to get reelected to the holy roman emperorship in every generation from 1452-1806.
Inquisition and reconguista
A group of institutions created to to combat heretics and hand them over to be sentenced.
John Calvin and the institutes of Christian religion
John Calvin raised as both a priest and lawyer had knowledge of Greek, Latin, and Hebrew languages. At the age of 24 he joined forces with religious revolutionaries. Calvin published his “institutes of the Christian religion” in Latin and addressed them to all the world so that people dissatisfied with the existing Roman church could their own local circumstances.
Predestination
People could not earn salvation through their own actions because God willed in advance for someone to be pure or not- God new which ones would be dammed or not before their birth.
John Knox
Became a Protestant with a large group who was then captured the the French as heretics. After eventually being let out he joined a church next to the English border to teach reformation.
Huguenots
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Henry VIII
Wrote a defense for the seven sacraments and was considered “ the defender of the faith” but he needed an heir for a strong monarchy so he remarried. Was declared by the act of of supremacy to be the only supreme head of the church and clergy of England.
Council of Trent.
A more pure Catholic Church after the counter reformation.
Jesuit order
Monastic order of men believing to participate in the affairs of the world.-active participation. Acted as an international missionary force reconverting Protestants.(they also taught dancing, dramatics, etc.
Beliefs of Calvinism
Predestination in which God automatically knew and willed in advance all things that happened. The elect were naturally graceful.
Beliefs of anabaptist
Belief that infant baptism is worthless, that you need to be baptized as an adult.
Beliefs of Anglicanism
The ability to remarry. Created by Henry VIII in order to have an heir to the throne.
Peace of Augsburg
Schmalkaldic league allied with France went to war with the emperor in 1546 which ended in the peace of Augsburg which allowed for each state of the empire to be Lutheran or Catholic as it chose. No individual religious freedom was permitted.
Result of the Protestant Reformation on the organization of Europe
The church isn’t in control over the kings and emperors anymore. Science was allowed to evolve after the the church couldn’t dictate it.
Johannesburg Tatzel
A friar who committed indulgences because people thought they would be freed by sorts of punishments in purgatory. Tatzel did it to finance the building of St. Peter’s in Rome authorized by the pope.
