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NEW MEDS Flashcards

1
Q

types of acid controlling drugs

A
  • PPI (best)
  • H2 antagonists
  • antacids
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2
Q

antacids

A
  • neutralize stomach acids
  • salts of aluminum, magnesium, calcium, and sodium
  • take 1-2 hours after drugs bc may interact
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3
Q

antacid indications

A
  • acute relief of symptoms associated w peptic ulcer, gastritis, gastric hyperactivity, and heart burn
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4
Q

aluminum salts

A
  • antacid
  • can be used w Mg to counteract constipation
  • good for ppl with renal failure
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5
Q

antacid contraindications

A
  • GI obstruction
  • electrolyte imbalance
    be careful giving Na to anyone with heart problems
  • may decrease absorption of acidic drugs and increase excretion of acidic drugs
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6
Q

magnesium salts

A
  • can cause diarrhea
  • dont give to anyone with renal problems
  • can be given with Ca or Al to offset constipation
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7
Q

calcium salts

A
  • can cause kidney stones
  • can cause constipation
  • can cause rebound hyperacidity (stomach acid levels increase)
  • long duration of action
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8
Q

sodium bicarb

A
  • can cause metabolic alkalosis

- short duration of action and fast acting

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9
Q

calcium carb

A
  • can cause farding and burping
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10
Q

H2 Antagonists

A
  • reduce acid secretion
  • cimetidine (tayamet = inhibits absorbtion of some drugs raising the level, can cause gynocomastia and impotence), nizatidine (axid), famotidine (pepcid), zantac (ranitidine)
  • indications = GERD, PUD, upper GI bleeding
  • be careful in older patients (confusion/disorientation), pt with renal or liver prob
  • smoking decreases effectiveness
  • take 1-2 hr before antacids
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11
Q

PPIs

A
  • stops production of HCL acid
  • indications = GERD, peptic ulcers, NSAID ulcers, H. pylori ulcers
  • lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantaprazole
  • adverse effects = possible predisposition to GI infections like C. diff, osteoporosis, pneumonia, depletion of Mg+, lupus
  • increase chance of bleeding w warfarin
  • NGT must be 16 G or bigger to give thru
  • sucralfate may delay absorption of PPI
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12
Q

sucralfate (carafate)

A

muccusal protectant

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13
Q

misoprostol (cytotec)

A

decreases ulcers in pts taking NSAIDS

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14
Q

simethicone (mylican)

A

gas reduction, can be taken with calcium carb

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15
Q

chetalation

A
  • chemical binding of another drug, basically meaning reduced drug absorption (antacids w acidic drugs)
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16
Q

absorbants

A
  • anti-diarrhea
  • bind to causative agent which is then eliminated in stool
  • for milder cases
  • adverse affects : increased bleeding time, blue tongue, metallic taste, tinnitus, constipation, dark stools, toxic w methotrexate
  • bismuth subsalicylate (pepto), activated charcoal, aluminum hydroxide
17
Q

anticholinergics

A
  • anti-diarrhea
  • decreased muscle tone and peristalsis of the GI tract slowing the rate doodoo
  • drying effect, decreased secretions
  • used in severe cases
  • atropine and hyosegamine
  • adverse effects: urinary retention, impotence, headache, confusion, dizziness, blurred vision, dry skin and flushing, hypotension, bradycardia
18
Q

opioids

A
  • anti-diarrhea
  • relieves pain and bowel spasms
  • allow more time for nutrients and electrolytes to be absorbed
  • severe cases
  • codeine and loperamide
  • adverse affects: hypotension, flushing, urinary retention
19
Q

probiotics

A
  • antidiarrheal
  • intestinal flora modifers and bacteria replacers
  • supply missing bacteria to GI and suppress growth of diarrhea causing bacteria
  • used for antibiotic induced diarrhea
  • lactobacillus
20
Q

bulk forming

A
  • psyllium and methylcellulose
  • for constipation
  • high fiber to absorb water, increasing bulk
  • distends bowel
  • can cause impaction, fluid overload, esophageal blockage
21
Q

emoillment

A
  • stool softeners (docusate salts) and lubricant (mineral oil)
  • promote more water and fat in stools
  • lubricate fecal and GI walls
  • can cause less absorption of nutrients, lipid pneumonia
22
Q

hyper-osmotic

A
  • increase fecal water content
  • results in bowel distention, increased peristalisis and evacuation
  • polyethylene glycal, lactulose, sorbitol, evacuation
23
Q

saline

A
  • magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesium)
  • increase osmotic pressure within the intestinal tract, causing more water to enter intestines
  • bowel distention causing more peristalsis
24
Q

stimulants

A
  • senna and bisacodyl
  • increases peristalsis via intestinal nerve stimulation
  • can cause discolored urine and nutrient malabsortion
25
Q

antiemetic

A
  • used to relieve vomiting and naseua
26
Q

antcholinergic (scopolamine)

A
  • blocks transmission of nauseating stimuli in inner ear

- used to treat motion sickness, secretions reduction prior to surgery

27
Q

antihistamines (diphenhydrine and meclizine)

A
  • inhibits Ach, H1 receptor blockers
  • prevents stimulation in vestibular and reticular ares
  • used for motion sickness, cough, allergy, and sedation
28
Q

antidopaminergic (promethazine, phenergan)

A
  • block dopamine receptors in CTZ and used for hiccup and pyschotic disorders
29
Q

pro-kinetics (metopromide)

A
  • block dopamine receptors in CTZ and causes CTZ to become desensitized to impulses from the GI
  • stimulates GI mobility and stomach emptying, also used for GERD
30
Q

serotonin blockers (odansetron or zograf)

A
  • used for naseau and vommitting in pts getting chemo and post op

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