New Lists Flashcards
Categories of approved and/or pending Section 1115 Medicaid waivers
- Alternative methods to expand Medicaid under the ACA’s Medicaid expansion
- Eligibility and enrollment requirements
- Work requirements to be eligible for coverage
- Benefit restrictions (e.g., copay limits)
- Behavioral health coverage changes (e.g., enhanced coverage for target populations)
- Delivery system reform initiatives (e.g., tying provider incentive payments to performance goals)
- Delivery of Medicaid long-term services and supports through capitated managed care
- Responding to public health emergencies
- Providing coverage for other targeted groups
WELDER BET
(Section 1115 Medicaid demonstration waivers)
What to watch for in Section 1115 waivers going forward
- What does research or experience in other states show?
- What populations are affected and will it change enrollment?
- What are the administrative costs and challenges?
- What is the process to receive public input
- What are the requirements for reporting and evaluating?
ReCIPE
(Section 1115 Medicaid demonstration waivers)
Revised CM/S section 1115 waiver approval criteria
- Improve access to high-quality, person-centered services with positive health outcomes
- Promote Medicaid’s sustainability over the long term
- Support strategies that promote upward mobility and greater independence
- Strengthen incentive structures that promote responsible decision making
- Enhance alignment between Medicaid policies and commercial health insurance
- Advance delivery system and payment models to strengthen provider network capacity
MANICS
(Section 1115 Medicaid demonstration waivers)
Specific requirements from the revised NAIC Actuarial opinion instructions
- The appointments by the company’s board of directors of a qualified health actuary. This actuary must report annually to the board or the audit company
- A process to request exemptions from having to file an actuarial opinion
- The use of a checkbox section to indicate whether the opinion is unqualified, qualified, adverse, or inconclusive
- Expansion of the scope of the Actuarial opinion to include specific Actuarial items presented as assets in the annual statement
- The definition of prescribed language as opposed to suggested language in the prior instructions with any modification or deviations notes within a checkbox section
- The requirement to reconcile underlying claim lag data to part 2b of the underwriting and investment exhibit
- A supporting Actuarial memorandum
U CAMELS
(Revised ASO Instructions for the NAIC Health Annual Statement)
The classifications of an Actuarial opinion
- Qualified - results from a situation where all liabilities are good and sufficient except for specifically defined items
- Adverse - the opinion arises when the actuary determines that the reserves and liabilities are not good and sufficient
- Inconclusive - this happens when the actuary is unable to form an opinion due to deficiencies in data, analysis, assumptions, or related information
- Unqualified - this is when all liabilities are deemed good and sufficient by the actuary
(Revised ASO Instructions for the NAIC Health Annual Statement)
Sections to include in the body of the Actuarial opinion
- Table of key indicators - alerts the reader to the opinion, changes in prescribed wording, and deviations from ASOPs
- Identification section - identifies the actuary
- Scope section - shows the actuary has checked assumptions and methods used and identifies subjects on which an opinion is to be expressed
- Reliance section - identifies anyone the actuary relied upon
- Opinion section - clearly shows the opinion
- Relevant comments - allows the actuary to further explain any circumstances, concerns, or issues
OR RISK
(Revised ASO Instructions for the NAIC Health Annual Statement)
Items to be considered for inclusion in the actuarial memorandum to show how conclusions were reached
In an actuarial statement of opinion the following will help another actuary understand how conclusions were reached
- Data reconciliation
- Claim triangles/lags
- Trend analysis
- Development of assumptions
- Other studies performed
TARTS
(Revised ASO Instructions for the NAIC Health Annual Statement)
For an actuarial statement of opinion the following items are required to be included in the actuarial memorandum
- An exhibit that ties to the annual statement
- Documentation of the reconciliation from data used for analysis to the Underwriting and Investment Exhibit Part 2B, with explanations of the drivers of the differences
- Any other follow-up studies documenting the prior years’ claim liability and claim reserve run-off as considered necessary by the actuary
- Documentation of the assumptions used for contract reserves with any changes in assumptions from previous valuations and support of any margin included in the reserves
PEAR
(Revised ASO Instructions for the NAIC Health Annual Statement)
The purpose of contract reserves
- A reserve held because future claims are greater than the future net premiums
- Needed to prefund the expected increases in claims in later years
- These types of reserves are needed for long-term insurance policies
(Practices for Preparing Health Contract Reserves)
GAAP guidance for setting contract reserves
- Divides insurance into two main categories: short term and long term
- For long term contracts the insurer will hold a contract or benefit reserve
- Generally prohibits insurers from establishing a benefit reserve for short term contracts
- Benefit reserves should include a provision for adverse deviation
- Assumptions used to initially calculate the reserve are locked-in
- If a deficiency exists, the original assumptions are “unlocked” and updated
LT ST Dev Locked Unlocked
(Practices for Preparing Health Contract Reserves)
SAP guidance for setting contract reserves
- SAP uses four classes: life, accident and health (A&H), property and casualty (P&C), and deposit-type
- A&H contracts are defined to include unearned premium reserves and contract reserves
- Reserve required for contracts when the future claims are greater than the future premiums except:
- when contracts cannot be continued after one year from issue
- when a years’ worth of premium is intended to cover that year’s claims without prefunding of future cash flows - Uses prescribed methodologies and assumptions for computing minimum allowable reserves
- GAAP allows for a greater freedom to select methods and assumptions and must include provisions for adverse deviation
CARP G
(Practices for Preparing Health Contract Reserves)
Recommendations for determining SAP and GAAP contract reserve assumptions
- Under SAP:
- Determine a liability under moderately adverse, but not excessive, conditions
- Many actuaries believe that the SAP reserve should be greater than the best estimate
- At least as great as the amount determined using the state prescribed methodology and assumptions - Under GAAP:
- include provision for adverse deveiation
- Unlike SAP, no prescribed assumptions
- GAAP reserves should be less than SAP but greater than best estimate
(Practices for Preparing Health Contract Reserves)
Methods that are used for contract reserves for SAP vs GAAP
- Under either method, if the contract reserves are deficient additional reserves may be required as determined by a gross premium valuation
- For SAP, the minimum reserve standard is a preliminary term method
- For GAAP, they use the net level premium method
APT
(Practices for Preparing Health Contract Reserves)
Tax deductibility of health contract reserves and premium deficiency reserves
- In general, contract reserves are tax deductible for insurance companies if the contract is noncancelable or guaranteed renewable
- Several assumptions have specific guidelines that must be followed when calculating a tax reserve
- The method is defined as the two-year preliminary term except for the LTC contracts which are based on the one-year preliminary term
- Premium deficiency reserves are not tax deductible
- The tax reserve may never be greater than the statutory reserve actually held
S2D GG
(Practices for Preparing Health Contract Reserves)
Situations for which insurers are allowed to unlock GAAP assumptions
- When a gross premium valuation reveals a premium deficiency
- When a future projection by calendar year reveals a pattern of profits followed by losses
- When internal replacement occurs
GRP
(Practices for Preparing Health Contract Reserves)
Important aspects of GAAP loss recognition testing
- Applies to all business in force
- Timing is not specified but it should be performed periodically and when experience deviates unfavorably from expected
- Tests should be performed without provisions for adverse deviation
- Once testing results in corrective action tests must repeat on future valuation dates
(Practices for Preparing Health Contract Reserves)
Important aspects of GAAP DAC recoverability testing
- Applies to all new business
- Occurs in the first contract year
- Testing excludes non deferrable and overhead costs
- Test first with provisions for adverse deviation (PAD), if fail remove PAD and test again
- If testing after removing the PAD fails then move to unlock GAAP assumptions
(Practices for Preparing Health Contract Reserves)
Important aspects of SAP gross premium valuation
- Should be done when a company has concern about reserve [a]dequacy
- The valuations are often performed at aggregate levels of [l]ines of businesss
- All [e]xpenses should be considered
- Generally believed to be based on assumptions that would produce an adequate reserve under [m]oderately adverse conditions
MEAL
(Practices for Preparing Health Contract Reserves)
Important aspects of the ACA’s risk adjustment program
- Intended to even out the risk in the insured population in the individual and small group market
- Risk scores for a company will be compared to the market average
- Insurers with below-average risk scores will compensate, or transfer to, those with above average risk scores
- Risk scores will need to be estimated before experience is complete
- Transfer estimates will need to be accrued in the current plan year and reflected in current financial statements prior to the actual settlement
- Estimated to be as much as +/- 15% of health plan premiums with smaller insurers possibly seeing +/-40%
(ACA’s impact on financial statements)