New List Flashcards
Bakke
A Supreme Court ruling stating that a college may not use an explicit numerical quota in admitting minorities but could “take race into account”
Affirmative Action
Designing remedies for overcoming racism and sexism by taking race and sex into account (taking race into hiring and acceptance decisions)
Aliens
Any persons who are not U.S. citizens
Brown vs. Board of Education
A Supreme court decision declaring segregated schools inherently unequal
Civil Rights
The rights of citizens to vote, receive equal treatment before the law, and share benefits of public facilities
Compensatory Action
Helping disadvantaged people catch up, usually by giving them extra education, training, or services
De Facto Segregation
Segregation that exists but was not created by the law
De Jure Segregation
Segregation created by law
Equality of Opportunity
Offering the races an equal chance at desired things
Equality of Results
Distributing desired things equally to the races
Freedom of Choice
A school integration plan mandating no particular racial balance
Hyde Amendment
Legislation that barred the use of federal funds for nearly any abortion
Jim Crow
The term for laws forcing second-class status on blacks
Martin Luther King Jr.
An early nonviolent leader in black civil rights
NAACP
A black interest group active primarily in the courts
Nonviolent Civil Disobedience
A philosophy of peaceful violation of laws considered unjust and accepting punishment for the violation
NOW
A leading feminist organization
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Standard under which the court once upheld racial segregation. “Separate but equal”
Preferential Treatment
Giving minorities preference in hiring, promotions, college admissions, and contracts
Reasonableness
The standard by which the the Court judges gender-based classifications
Reconstruction
Period after the Civil War
Reverse Discrimination
The use of race or sex to give preferential treatments to blacks or women
Roe vs. Wade
A ruling that declared all state laws prohibiting abortion unconstitutional
Rostker vs. Goldberg
A ruling that held that congress may draft men but not women
Separate-but-equal Doctrine
Supreme Court decision to uphold state enforced racial segregation
Strict Scrutiny
The standard by which the Supreme Court judges classifications based on race: they must have a compelling public purpose
Suspect Classification
Classification of groups meeting a series of criteria suggesting they are likely the subject of discrimination
