new liberalism

Question 1

definition of new liberalism

Answer 1

• increased taxes on the rich in order to finance state intervention to help the poor
• state intervention to the poor
• increased government spending on social reform
• emphasis on collective responsibility
• BUT only to those who deserved it

Question 2

two politicians who believed in the influence of new liberalism

Answer 2

• david lloyd george
• winston churchill

Question 3

summary of the influence of reports on poverty

Answer 3

• booth = london
• rowntree = york
• galt = photos and publications
  all produced reports that showcased the extent of poverty

Question 4

galts publications

Answer 4

• saw poverty that was a result of the hardships from the severe winter of 1893-4
• accounts of the poverty were published by the Religious Tracts Society, and in magazines like mission
• took series of photographs to illustrate the poverty in his talks- which brought home the sheer degradation of urban life.

Question 5

charles booth report

Answer 5

• most comprehensive survey
• liverpool businessman
• produced 17 volume report entitled “Life and Labour of the People of London”
• lived with families which were poor
• divided into categories of poverty, industry, and religious influences
• produced coloured maps to show poverty levels and reasons for London
• report showed that the number of people living in abject poverty in London was 35%

Question 6

rowntree’s report

Answer 6

• strong religious motivation to investigate and alleviate poverty- was a quaker
• based on York
• report in 1901 was based on a study of 46,000 people- 2/3rds amount which lived in York
• claimed that over 20,000 people were living in poverty
• claimed that the destitute did not have enough food, fuel and clothing to live
• said that the problem was that labour was casual and subject to fluctuating demand
• rowntrees report differed from booth as people did not regard areas other than london as being fraught with poverty, but this report highlighted that it was a nationwide issue.

Question 7

summary of booth, rowntree and galts report

Answer 7

• showed that many people lived in poverty, not through their own fault, but through other factors, such as old age, unemployment/lack of frequent work, sickness etc.
• so new liberalism believed that with more govt intervention and help, that poverty could be reduced.

Question 8

what was the majority report and what did it find

Answer 8

• report on the poor
• said that more govt intervention would undermine existing charities
• concluded that poverty was a moral issue
• any state intervention would interfere with self- reliance
• was influenced by Helen Bosanquet of the Charities organisation

Question 9

what was the minority report and what did it find

Answer 9

• mainly the work of Fabians Sidney and Beatrice Webb
• took the vioew that the state had a duty to provide national minimum standards, ensure a living wage and to support older people
• report was immensely influential on later policy
• recommended an end to the workhouses

Question 10

what was national efficiency

Answer 10

• concern that the poor health and conditions in Britain were preventing britain from keeping up with more advanced nations
• contemporary views were that britains success and the strength of the empire was down to racial superiority of the white Anglo Saxon race, and the failings of the Boer War seemed to highlight this issue
• 1902, national efficiency reflected the belief that Britain needed to focus on the promotion of greater health and welfare for the poor, particularly children.
• concerns germany was overtaking britain in terms of industry and militartily.
• the boer war had highlighted the nations poor health and the lack of healthy men for service- 3/5ths of the volunteers had to be turned away