new learning - phases mostly Flashcards
average kin energy of an ideal gas
KE= 3/2 nRT
average speed of an ideal gas
urms =√3RT/M (in kg/mol)
density from ideal gas law
p = PM/RT
daltons law
Pa= Pt Xa
vapor pressure
pressure exerted y evaporated particles above the surface of the liquid
solubility will _______ if partial pressure of gas increases
increase
how to relate 2 gases speed with their M
r1/r2 = √M2/M1
% difference
change in value / original value x 100
to correct deviations from ideal gas law
correction values
PV= nRT
(P + n^2a/V^2) (V-nb) = nRT
so if a is large, P would need to decrease to compensate
if b is large, V need to increase to compensate
is condensation rate affected by solutes in solvents?
NO, only the evaporation rate is affected
- vapor pressure depression when solutes are in solvent
Raoult’s law
vapour pressure depression caused by solutes in solvent
VPa = Xa VP’a
new VP is mole fraction x pure solvent VP
does pure solvent evaporate faster than solute solution
yes, this goes hand in hand with BP elevation - if VP is depressed, than more heat isrequired to get VP to reach atmospheric pressure
boiling point elevation
change in T = imKb
- m is molality (mol/kg)
osmotic pressure
ii= i M(mol/L)RT
osmotic pressure is the “sucking” pressure
opposes hydrostatic pressure
dilution
M1V1=M2V2
when is enthalpy equivalent to heat
usually on MCAT, when pressure is constant (isobaric)
heat capacity
just cxm (bigger objects have more heat capacity)
STP
0 C —> 273 K and 1atm
non-associative learning
sensitivation and habituation
operant conditioning vs classical conditioning
operant–> associating behaviour with consequences, clasical –> associating unconditioned stim to unconditioned response ( involuntary droooling to bell)
ratio vs interval
of responses, interval = time
fovea vs macula
fovea is IN the macula and is the highest vision resoltuion
HH equation
pH= pKa + log [A-]/[HA]
ka, kb and kw
kw= ka kb
